ⅰword study1. diet:(1) n[c].sort of food that is usually eaten by a person, community, etc; limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, e.g. for medical reasons or in order to lose weight.日常饮食；规定食谱（如为治疗疾病或减轻体重）e.g. a balanced diet is good for our health. 均衡的饮食对我们的健康有好处。my daughter doesn’t like a rich diet. 我女儿不喜欢油腻的饮食。(2) vi. (be allowed) to eat only some foods or a little food, especially to lose weight.只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物；（尤指为减轻体重）节食e.g.i advise you to diet and take more exercise. 我建议你节食并多锻炼身体。(3)常用短语：be on a diet/go on a diet节食e.g.the doctor said i should be on a diet. 大夫说（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）我应该节食。she decided to go on a low-fat diet from this monday. 她决心从本周一开始进行低脂肪的饮食疗法。(4)辨析：food和diet二者均表示食物; 但food是一般用语，指任何可吃的东西，diet通常指维持健康的特定或定量的饮食；diet是可数名词，food是不可数名词，但在强调种类时为可数名词。e.g.many westerners like chinese food.许多西方人喜欢中国食物。dad didn’t want my little sister to go on a diet though she was very heavy then.爸爸不想让我的小妹妹减肥尽管她那时很胖。构词解析：diet: n 饮食，日常食物 ；dieter: n 接受食物疗法的人；减肥者；dietary: adj 饮食的，规定饮食的practice put the following sentences into chinese.1. she didn’t eat much dinner because she is on a diet now.  ________________________________________________2. the doctor told him to take a fat-free diet  ________________________________________________key for reference1.她这顿饭没吃多少，因为她现在正在节食。2.大夫让他进行无脂饮食疗法。2. fit:(1).adj. in good health, especially because of regular physical exercise; suitable or suited for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth. 健康的；适宜的；合适的e.g.don’t you feel fit? 你身体状况不好吗？the water isn’t fit to drink.这水不适合喝。(2). vi, vt to be the right size and shape for someone or something; to put a small piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used合适；安装e.g.this jacket fits her well.她的夹克非常合身。she fitted a new lamp in her bedroom.她在卧室安装了一盏新灯。(3)常用短语：keep fit 保持健康be fit for.../be fit to do...适合做......e.g. my grandfather keeps fit by taking a walk every day. 我祖父通过每天散步来保持健康。what kind of job is he fit for? 他适合做什么样的工作？(4).词语辨析：fit 和suit①fit作动词时，多指大小、形状合适，吻合；suit多指合乎需要，合（某人）之意，或（衣服、型式等）与......相配。 ②fit 作形容词时，可与suitable（合适的）互换，be fit for/to do...=be suitable for/to do...。e.g.try this key and see whether it fits. 试试这把钥匙，看看是否合适。（指the key 和the keyhole是否吻合）i’m afraid this time doesn’t suit me. 恐怕这个时间对我来说不合适。构词解析：fit, vt vi合适；adj.合适的；n 合身；合身的衣服；fitness, n, 适当，适合；健康；unfit adj.不适当的；vt.使不适当practicecorrect the mistakes in the following sentences.1. her jeans suit a little bit tighter. ________2. the color of the shirt doesn’t fit you.__________key for reference1. suit改成fit，（她的牛仔裤有点紧）2. fit 改成suit（这件衬衫的颜色不适合你）3. rare. adj. not often happening or seen, etc; unusual稀有的；珍贵的rarely adv, not often, seldom 很少；难得rarely和hardly, never, little, none, nothing等词一样，属于否定意义的词，表否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，后面的句子应该部分倒装，即主语要放在be动词、情态动词、助动词的后面。e.g.snow is quite rare in my hometown.在我的故乡下雪是罕见的。we should protect rare animals. 我们应该保护珍稀动物。it is rare for her to wear skirts. 她很少穿裙子。i rarely watch tv now. 我现在很少看电视。he is rarely late.他很少迟到。rarely does she eat meat. 她很少吃肉。rarely do i drink wine these days. 这些天来，我很少喝酒。构词解析：rare, adj, 罕见的；稀有的；rarely, adv, 很少；难得；rareness, n, 稀有；珍奇；（空气等的）稀薄 拓展：表示频率的副词：always总是，usually 通常，frequently/ often经常，sometimes 有时，occasionally 偶尔，seldom/ rarely 很少，never 从不practice rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.1. i have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset. ____ ____ ____ seen such a beautiful sunset. 2. he is rarely ill.    ____ ____ ____ ill.key for reference1. rarely have i 2. rare is he.4. toothache n.[c, u] pain in a tooth or teeth. 牙痛e.g.i’ve got a toothache.我牙痛。he had a bad toothache.他的牙痛得厉害。构词解析：ache (n) 疼痛，和表示身体部位的单词结合构成复合词，例如：a headache头痛，(a) toothache 牙痛，(a) backache 背（腰）痛，(an) earache 耳痛，(a) stomachache 胃痛practiceput these sentences in the right order to make up a dialogue.a.                      p: i must see the dentist（牙医）now, nurse.b.                      n: i’m afraid he can’t. can’t you wait till this afternoon?c.                      p: that’s very late. can the dentist see me now? d.                     n: the dentist is very busy at the moment. can you come at 2. p.m.?e.                      p: i can wait, but my toothache can’t!1. _____ 2. ______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______key for reference1. __a___ 2. __d_ 3. __c__ 4. ___b__ 5. __e___5. unhealthy adj. not having or not showing good health；harmful to health不健康的；有害健康的。e.g.that is an unhealthy diet. 那是不健康的饮食。the air in this area is unhealthy for people.这地区的空气对人们的健康不利。构词解析：unhealthy. adj. 不健康的; health. n [u] 健康; healthy. adj.健康的practicecomplete the following sentences 1.                   they are well fed so they are very _______. (健康的) .  2.                   my grandmother enjoys good _______（健康）though she is over 80.3.                   many children in this village look thin, pale and ________.（不健康的）key for reference1. healthy 2. health 3. unhealthy. 6.wealthy  adj. having wealth, rich 富裕的；有财产的 e.g.she wants to marry a wealthy man. 她想嫁一个有钱人。my goal in life is not to be wealthy because true wealth comes from good health. 我生活中的目标不是变得富有，因为真正的财富来源于好的健康。构词解析：wealthy. adj. 富有的; wealth. n.[u] 财富 a wealth of...大量的......practicetranslate the following sentences into english.1.知识就是财富。 ________________________2.他哥哥是个富裕的生意人。 _________________________key for reference1. knowledge is wealth.2. his elder brother is a wealthy businessman.7.anxious. (1)adj. feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy ; strongly wishing sth, eager for sth.  忧虑的，不安的；渴望的e.g.she is very anxious about her mother’s health.她很担心母亲的健康状况。we are anxious for your safe return. 我们盼望你平安归来。(2)常用短语：be anxious about/for...为......担心be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事e.g.these students were anxious to know the result of the exam.这些学生急于知道考试成绩。sophia was anxious for all her friends to attend her birthday party.索菲娅盼望她所有朋友参加她的生日聚会。 构词解析：anxious. adj. 忧虑的；渴望的; anxiety. n. 忧虑，不安；渴望; anxiously. adv. 忧虑地；渴望地practice translate the following sentences into chinese.1.                   ken is anxious to see his girlfriend. ___________________________________________2.                   “are you all right?” she asked anxiously.___________________________________________3.                   i am anxious about her safety. ___________________________________________4.                   his great anxiety for knowledge led him to work hard.___________________________________________key for reference1.肯渴望见到他的女朋友。   _______________________________2.“你还好吗？”她担心地问道。_______________________________3.我担心她的安全。   _______________________________4.他强烈的求知欲促使他努力学习。   _______________________________8.injure. (1) vt. hurt (sb); harm 使受伤；伤害e.g.luckily, he was only slightly injured in this accident.幸运的是，他在这次事故中只受了一点轻伤。i hope i didn’t injure your feeling.我希望我没有伤害你的感情。(2) 定冠词(the) + 形容词(adj.)表示一类人或事物，因此，the injured表示“受伤的人`” e.g.the number of the injured amounted to over 100. 受伤人数总计一百多。构词解析：injure vt 伤害，受伤; injury. n. 伤害，损害; injured. adj. 受伤的，受损害的词语辨析：hurt，injure，harm，damage和woundhurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害。e.g.the driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司机在那次事故中伤得很重。injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损失。e.g.a bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。e.g.don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。damage主要指对于物的损害，强调对于价值，用途，外观等所造成的损失，这种损失或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成。e.g.he damaged my car with a stone.他用石头砸坏了我的汽车。wound指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的，严重的伤，特指战场上受伤，它可以指肉体上的伤害，也可指人们精神上的创伤。e.g.the bullet wounded his arm.子弹打伤了他的一只胳膊。 practice complete the following sentences1. this strong earthquake _______（使受伤）many people in japan.2. at least seven people _______ _______ （受伤的）in this explosion.3. he became disabled as a result of an _______ （伤害) that year.4. all 21 ________ (受伤的人)were sent to hospital immediately.key for reference1. injured 2. were injured 3. injury 4. injured9. pain(1) n suffering; great discomfort of the body or mind疼痛；痛苦e.g.the boy was crying with pain.这男孩正因为疼痛而哭着。the young man broke his arm and cried with pain.那个年轻人摔断手臂，痛得大叫。固定结构：be in pain处于疼痛中e.g.she is in great pain.她深为痛苦。(3).vt. to cause to feel pain in the mind, hurt. 使疼痛；使痛苦e.g.it pains me to have to leave, but i must.不得不离开，我很痛苦，但是我必须这样。my foot is still paining me.我的脚还在痛。(4) pains. n. 辛苦；努力常用句型：take pains to do sth: to make a special effort to do sth, or to be very careful in doing sth.不辞劳苦做某事e.g.she took great pains to lose weight. 她煞费苦心得减肥。构词解析：pain. n; vt. 疼痛；使痛苦; painful. adj. 引起痛苦的；使疼痛的; painless. adj. 无痛的; painfully adv. 疼痛地；痛苦地; painkiller n.止痛药; painstaking adj. 不辞劳苦的 词语辨析：pain，ache和hurt这三个词都和疼痛有关。ache和pain多作名词, hurt只能作动词。作动词时，hurt多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，表示"（外物）伤害（某人）；使疼痛”；ache为不及物动词，指“(人)身体疼痛”，往往用于持续的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感觉；pain为及物动词，指“（肉体或精神上的）痛苦、悲痛”，比ache要严重些。e.g.my injured arm hurts a lot.我受伤的胳膊很疼。the shoes are tight and hurt my feet.这双鞋很紧使我的脚感到疼痛。his back pains him much. 他的背很痛。（非外物导致，故本句不宜用hurt）practicerewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning. 1.                   i have a pain in my headi have a _______________.1.                   she has an earache.she has _____ ______ ______ ________ _______. key for reference1.                    headache 2.                    a pain in his ear. 10. normal (1)adj, according to what is expected, usual or average; (of a person) developing in the expected way. 正常的，标准的；智力正常的 e.g.he is a normal child in every way.他在各方面都是一个正常的孩子。weeping is a normal response to pain.哭泣是痛苦的正常反应。(2).常用短语及句型：above/below normal 高出/低于正常水平return to normal/ be back to normal 恢复正常 it is normal for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是正常的e.g.her temperature is above normal.她的体温高于正常标准。 everything has returned to normal after the earthquake.地震过后，一切已经恢复了正常。it’s perfectly normal to get depressed sometimes. 有时候心情低沉是完全正常的。 构词解析：normal. adj. 正常的; normalize. v. 使正常化；使标准化; normally. adv. 通常，一般情形(usually）; normality n. 正常，常态; normalization. n. 标准化；正常化; abnormal. adj. 反常的；不正常的practice multiple choice. 1. train services are now back to ____ after last week’s strike(罢工).a. normal                 b. normally           c. normality          d. normalize 2. the factory now is running ____ again.a. normal                 b. normally           c. normality          d. normalizekey for reference1. a 2. b. 11.lifestyle  n. [c.] [u]  a way of living, a way of life.生活方式e.g. he has the right to choose his own lifestyle. 他有权选择自己的生活方式。构词解析：lifestyle是life(生活)和style(方式)构成的合成词，又如：hairstyle(hairdo) 发型 lifetime 生涯；终生 lifeboat 救生艇 etc. practicetranslate the following compounds into chinese.1. lifelike 2. lifelong 3. life-sized 4. lifeguard 5. lifeworkkey for reference1. 生动的，栩栩如生的 2. 终生的，一生的 3.与实物大小一样的4. 救生员 5. 终身事业 12.breathe(1) vt. vi. .to take (air, gas, etc, ) into the lungs and send it out again.呼吸e.g.fish cannot breathe out of water.鱼离开了水无法呼吸。the doctor told me to breathe in deeply and breathe out slowly. 医生告诉我先深吸一口气然后慢慢呼出来。he became ill after breathing (in) coal （请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）dust for many years.因常年吸入煤粉，他病了。(2)常用短语：breathe in 吸入；吸气 breathe again/freely （紧张后）松一口气“breathe”的名词形式”breath”可构成以下短语：take a deep breath 做一次深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸；save one’s breath 不要白费唇舌；waste one’s breath 浪费唇舌；lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 ；out of breath/ short of breath喘不过气来构词解析： breathe v 呼吸；喘气；breath. n. 呼吸；气息；breathless. adj. 喘不过气的；提心吊胆的practicetranslate the following into chinese.1.                   he ran so fast that he was out of breath._______________________________________2.                   let’s go out and breathe the fresh（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） air._______________________________________3.                   the patient’s breath grew stronger._______________________________________4.                   he took a deep breath and jumped into the water._______________________________________key for reference1.                   他跑的太快以至于喘不过气来。2.                   咱们出去呼吸新鲜空气吧！3.                   病人的呼吸强些了。4.                   他深吸了一口气，然后跳入水中。ⅱ. background

a sound waydevelop a sensible approach (1) to eating. there are several steps you can take for a healthy food attitude (2):1. eat slowly2. eat at regular times3. hold your between-meal snacking (3) to a minimum (4)4. choose a mix of nutritious (5) foods5. pick lower-fat options (6) when you can, such as low-fat milk instead of whole milk.6. watch the size of your portions (7) (not too much or too little)7. resist (8) going back for additional (9) food8. keep away from fast foods9. keep healthy snacks like fruit in your room10. replace (10) empty-calorie soft drinks with water or other healthier drinkseat breakfast     health experts (11) warn that your memory and iq (12) get lower if you don’t eat in the morning for some time. it is a bad habit that will plant a bad seed in your body and you will pay for it in your later years. remember, eating well in the morning will give you enough energy for the day; otherwise your study and work efficiency (13) will lower.avoid gaining (14) weight    good habits like a balanced diet, regular exercise and getting enough sleep are good for you. they can also help you stay healthy and avoid problems later. adopting (15) some simple practices can have a big influence (16) today and years from now. avoid bad habits    take control of your lifestyle. limit the amount of alcohol (17) you drink. never make excuses for excess drinking. good communication skills and a wide human network have nothing to do with excess drinking. if you do drink, do it in small amounts (18).excess drinking will not only lead to health problems, but to a lower mood (19) whenever you face any problems. and it can’t help solve the problem you may have.    smoking is another bad habit, just like drinking. although some people say cigarettes can, to some degree, reduce the stress (20) and make them manly, cigarettes can also destroy your appetite. smoking can make exercise and even normal activity such as walking across school or climbing stairs more difficult? not to mention causing heart and lung problems and increasing your risk of cancer. many smokers who give it up find they have more energy, so do not think that smoking is interesting.注解：(1).明智方法 (2).态度 (3).小吃 (4).最小程度 (5).营养的 (6).选择(7).（食物的）一份 (8).抵制 (9).额外的 (10).替代 (11).专家 (12).智商 (13).效率 (14).增加 (15).采用 (16).影响 (17).酒 (18).数量 (19).情绪 (20).压力ⅲ.language study1. when zhou kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on she eyed him anxiously.=when zhou kai’s mother saw him walking towards the front door, she looked at him worriedly because he didn’t wear his jacket.妈妈看到周凯没穿夹克就向前门走去，担心地盯着他。(1) head vi. vt.  to go or make something do in a certain direction走向，朝......方向前进；使......朝......方向前进e.g.we headed the boat out to sea. 我们把船驶向外海。----where are you heading for? ----shanghai. ----你去哪里？----上海he is heading for trouble. 他会遭遇麻烦的。 he realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.他意识到他正朝错误的方向走。(2) without a jacket on: not wearing a jacket, 没穿夹克，其中on 是副词，表示“穿戴着”。with(without)+名词（代词）+分词（形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语），表示一种伴随状态，在句中作状语。e.g.the young man walked in with a hunting dog following him. 这个年轻人走了进来，后面跟着一条猎犬。don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴食物说话。he ran out without shoes on.他没穿鞋子跑了出来。the boss had a hard time with many tough problems to solve. 有很多棘手问题要解决，这位老板日子很难过。she said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她眼含泪水说再见。practice translate the sentences into chinese.1. they are heading home.   _________________________________________ 2. she was heading towards the post office.   _________________________________________3. we managed to get it back without her knowing.  _________________________________________4. johnson bought a magazine with many pictures in it.   _________________________________________key for reference1. 他们朝家的方向走。2. 她正朝邮局走去。3. 我们设法把它放回去，没让她知道。4. 约翰逊买了一本杂志，里面有很多图画。2. you can at least go and get your jacket. =if you insist on going out to play football, go and get your jacket.你至少可以去拿上你的夹克衫。at (the) least 至少 at (the) most 至多 not (in) the least(not at all) 一点也不 e.g.you should at least have a try.至少你应该试一试。the boy is at most ten years old.这男孩至多十岁。----do you mind if i smoke?----no, not in the least.----我吸烟你介意吗？----不，一点也不。practice translate the following sentences into chinese.1. even if you cannot help him，you can give him encouragement at least. __________________________________________________________2. the book will cost me at least 10 dollars.__________________________________________________________3. you are not disturbing me in the least.__________________________________________________________4. ----are you cold?  ----no, not in the least.__________________________________________________________key for reference1.就算你不能帮助他，至少你可以鼓励他。2.这本书至少要10美元。3.你一点也没有打扰我。4.----你冷吗？----一点也不冷。 3. my mother has always made sure we eat very healthily. =my mother has always tried her best so that we can have a healthy diet.我妈妈总是想方设法让我们吃得健康。make sure: to find out if something is true or check that something has been done; .to do something so that you can be certain of the result把某事请弄清楚；.确保 常用结构：make sure of ....  make sure (that)...  make sure to do...e.g.he said he would do anything he could to make sure of my happiness.他说他将尽其所能来确保我的幸福。mother made sure that she had turned off all the lights before she went to bed. 母亲在睡觉前确定她已经关掉了所有的灯。make sure to lock the door before you go out.出去之前一定要锁上门。拓展：be sure of 和be sure that一样，主语是人， 主语感到“有把握；确信”； be sure to do的主语可以是人，也可以是物， 表示说话人推测“一定；必然会”。e.g.i'm sure of winning the game. 我有把握能赢得比赛。we’re sure that he will be back soon.我们确信他会很快回来。sally is sure to refuse him. 沙莉一定会拒绝他的。this movie is sure to relax you.这部电影一定会让你放松的。 practicetranslate the following sentences into english.1请你查明他是否回来了，好吗？  _______________________________________2到达时，你一定要给我打电话。_______________________________________3他一定会成功。_______________________________________4这些故事一定会逗笑她的。  _______________________________________key for reference1 will you make sure of his return?2 make sure that you phone me when you arrive.3 he is sure to succeed.4 these stories are sure to amuse her (make her laugh).4.i don’t have a sweet tooth. = i don’t like eating sweet or sugary things.我不爱吃甜食。have a sweet tooth: like eating sweet or sugary things.爱吃甜食e.g. （请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）i have a sweet tooth. 我爱吃甜食。practice translate the following sentences into chinese.1. i had a "meat tooth."  ________________________2. he has a running nose. ________________________key for reference1.我偏爱肉类食物。2.他流鼻涕。5. i’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.=i prefer to eat a nice piece of fruit.我宁愿吃一片美味的水果。(1) would rather do sth: prefer to do sth 宁愿做做某事e.g.i would rather give up this chance.我宁愿放弃这次机会。he would rather go there on foot.他宁愿步行去那里。which would you rather do, go to the cinema or go for a meal? 你宁愿做什么，去看电影还是去吃饭？拓展：(2) would rather do ... than do ... 宁愿做......而不愿做......e.g.i would rather take a bus than take a taxi.我宁愿坐公交车也不愿坐计程车。(3) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事 e.g.she would rather her friend came on sunday. 她宁愿她的朋友星期天来。i would rather you didn’t smoke in my room.我希望你不要在我的房间吸烟。(4) rather than而不是（通常连接两个并列结构）e.g.i think i’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。i’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter. 我宁愿夏天去，也不愿冬天去。she would take more exercise rather than go on a diet. 她宁愿多做运动也不愿节食。practice correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1. lisa would rather arriving home late than stay in a hotel.               ____________2. i would rather she gives me a book.                                                  ____________3. he would rather starting off early tomorrow morning.                 ____________ 4. i would rather say sorry to him than lost a good friend.                ____________key for reference1.                   arriving 改成arrive2.                   gives 改成gave3.                   starting改成start4.                   lost 改成lose.5.                   i was stupid enough to play football in the rain. = i was so stupid that i played football in the rain.我真是够蠢的，居然在雨中踢足球。adj (adv) + enough (+for...) to do... 表示“足够......”e.g.this house is big enough for us to live in.这房子给我们住是够大了。the book is easy enough for my daughter to read.这本书很容易，我女儿可以读得懂。you are old enough to decide by yourself. 你已经大到可以自己做决定的年龄了。they can’t walk fast enough to catch up with us. 他们走得不够快，不会赶上我们。practice rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.1. i was so foolish that i believed him.→i was ____ ____ ____ ____ ____. 2. i wish you could speak very clearly so that we can understand what you say. →i wish you could ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.key for reference1.                   foolish enough to believe him2.                   speak clearly enough for us to understand your words6. two years ago i broke my arm playing football.= two years ago i broke my arm when i was playing football. 两年前我在踢球时胳膊骨折了。playing football是现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示时间。分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。e.g.being a doctor, i must be responsible for my patients.作为一名医生，我必须对我的病人负责。（being a doctor表原因）“what a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, looking out of the window. 看着窗外，女孩说“多么漂亮的花园啊！”（looking out of the window表伴随状况）practice rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

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