先行词是物

　 先行词是人

先行词是人/物

先行词是地点名词

先行词是时间名词

先行词通常为reason

主

宾

主

宾

定

状

状

状

关系代词

which

that

who

whom

whose

关系副词

where

when

why

2.fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or adverbs.(1)hangzhou is a city ______ there is a beautiful lake.(2)hangzhou is a city ______ has a beautiful lake.(3)can you tell me the date ______ lincoln was killed?(4)can you tell me the date on ______ lincoln was killed?(5)the school ______ i studied had modern equipment.(6)the school ______ was built last year had modern equipment. (7)this is the factory ______ he visited last year.(8)this is the factory ______ he once worked.(9)i'll never forget the days ______ we played together in the country.(10)i'll never forget the days ______ we spent together in the country.(11)do you know the reason______she was late?(12)this teacher，with ______ son i work，is liked by all the students.keys：(1)where　(2)which/that　(3)when　(4)which　(5)where　(6)which/that　(7)which/that　(8)where　(9)when　(10)which/that　(11)why　(12)whose[设计说明]如果学生程度较好，教师可以指导他们根据语法课上的知识自己编制表格，程度较弱，教师就给出表格框架，由学生填上五角星标注的部分，以此帮助学生复习限制性定语从句，之后再做“用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空”的练习，进一步巩固语法。step 4　learning tip1.q：why do the people do volunteer work?(volunteering gives people the chance to explore avenues that would not usually be open to them.this experience enables an exchange of cultural and social contact between volunteers and their host nationals.it enables people to learn new skills and languages，to develop and gain practical experience in the field，in sometimes demanding conditions，and to develop leadership and teamwork skills.in addition，personal development which is difficult to evaluate，is one of the greatest benefits to working and travelling among people from different cultures.)t：we should help with each other，not only in life，but also in study.2.read learning tip.3.fill in the form of summing up and collect the students' forms. [设计说明]这个单元的主题是互助合作。讨论加深了学生对于志愿者工作和互助合作的理解。learning tip说到了学习方面的互相合作，这对于学生的英语学习有指导意义。最后要求填写本单元的总结表格。教师可以把表格打印出来，在学生完成后，收好学生的表格，以更好地了解学生对于本单元内容的掌握。

备课资料

about papua new guineageographypapua new guinea is the largest developing country in the south pacific region.its 463 000 square kilometers of land area，a sea area of 3.12 million square kilometers and 600 separate islands make up one of the most diverse repositories of geographic，biological，linguistic and cultural wealth on earth.png has more than 5% of the world's biodiversity in less than 1% of the world's total land area.populationacc ording to the census，between 1980 and png's population grew by an annual average rate of 2.7% to 5.19 million.the southern highlands province，followed by western new britain，recorded the highest population growth of 4.2% and 3.8% respectively.approximately half of png's total population is under 19 years old. most of the population lives in rural communities based on the traditional village structure and dependent on subsistence farming supplemented by cash cropping.only 15－20% of papua new guineans live in the main urban areas of port moresby，lae，madang，mt hagan and goroka.economypng has a relatively small dual economy，comprising a formal and informal economy.the formal economy is dominated by large－scale resource projects，particularly in mining and petroleum，and provides a large proportion of government revenue.the informal economy supports 85% of the people through semi－subsistence agriculture.the formal sector employs around 15% of the workforce.png has an abundance of natural resources including：large reserves of minerals extensive forestry and fishery assets significant potential for agricultural expansion many beautiful locations with potential for ecological and cultural tourism.despite the potential of these resources，png's economic performance has fallen short of expectations.economic growth has not kept up with population growth and performance varies considerably from year to year.during ，png's economy grew because of buoyant commodity prices and good fiscal management by government.increased foreign reserves and a strengthened kina helped inflation and interest rates remain low.with moderate gdp growth，rising tax receipts and reduced government borrowing costs，the png government's fiscal deficit is expected to remain small，despite a modest surplus in .however，with weak medium term revenue prospects，png needs to consolidate and build on current economic and fiscal progress and provide social services and a regulatory framework to support broad based economic growth.png needs improved accountability and governance mechanisms，including public expenditure management and public sector reform，to promote and safeguard improved productivity.with mining and petroleum sector production forecast to decline from ，major challenges for the png government include making good use of existing revenue，expanding the non－mining sector and ensuring economic stability through continued political and social reforms.social indicatorspng's population has suffered significant declines in living standards in recent years due to worsening economic performance.although the country does not exhibit the widespread abject poverty present in some developing countries，poor health and social indicators show that poverty is a real problem.png's main social indicators，such as life expectancy and maternal and child mortality rates，show improvements since 1975，but are still well below the averages for lower middle income countries(lmics). png still has limited primary health care.infectious diseases are claiming many lives，and there are serious public health risks from endemic diseases such as malaria，and an emerging hiv/aids epidemic.an estimated 1.7% of people in png carry the virus.in education，the rate of participation in primary schooling is improving，but it remains lower than in most other countries in the region.basic social and economic indicatorsland area　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　452 900 kmsea area  3 120 000 km2capital  port moresbypopulation()  5.12 millionpopulation average growth rate(1980－00)  2.7 per cent a yearurban population()  13 per centtotal fertility rate()  4.3 births per womanlife expectancy at birth()  57.2 yearsinfant mortality()  69 per 1000 live birthsunder five mortality rate()  93 per 1000 live birthsmaternal mortality ratio()  300 per 100 000 deliveriesmalaria incidence()  1688 cases per 100 000 peoplepopulation using improved water sources()  39 per centimmunisation against measles()  49 per cent under 12 monthsestimated hiv prevalence()  1.7 per cent of total populationadult literacy rate()  64.6 per cent of age 15 and abovefemale adult literacy rate()  57.7 per cent of age 15 and abovewomen in government()  0.9 per cent of seatsgross national income per person()  us$500gdp average growth rate()  3 per cent a yeargdp average growth rate per person(1990－)  0.5 per cent a year

medicines sans frontierstoday msf is the largest private urgent medical aide ngo in the world.here are some concrete examples of what msf does：256  for a medical kit.thanks to the emergency medical kit，msf is able to be operational 24 h in any country in the world.for example the “basic” medical kit allows msf to treat 1000 people for 3 month.it is meant for the dispensary and consists of all essential medicins，bandages and products to disinfect along with standard medical equipment.24  to treat a cholera patient.the msf “cholera” kit allows msf to face an imminent cholera epidemic.it contains 4000 l of drips，antibiotics，plastified cover sheets，soap，disinfectant and chlorinated water as well as gloves for the nursing staff.the kit is meant to treat 625 patients and costs 14.876  or 24  per person.179  to transport 100 kilograms of medicins.in ，msf moved 1.548 tonnes of medicines，medical and logistic equipment to 35 countries.of course costs differ from destination to destination and from type of transport to type of transport but over half of the goods are transported by plane，a quarter by boat and the rest by road. 92  to vaccinate 100 children.the msf “vaccination” kited is adapted to treat 10.000 people.it contains refrigerators and coldpacks to ensure that the vaccins remain cold，single use needles，vaccins and medical equipment needed for 5 teams of vaccinators.all this for a total cost of 9.231.75.

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