unit 4理解:要点诠释单词1.absence讲： n.缺席；不在；缺乏例：behave yourself during my absence.我不在时你要规矩点。absence of rain caused the plants to die.因缺水导致植物枯死。链接•拓展    absence of mind心不在焉，    absent adj. be absent from缺席    he was absent from school yesterday.    他昨天旷课了。    反义词present adj. be present at出席；到场练：the presence of social support helps people fend off（避开）illness,and the _______of such support makes poor health more likely.a.absence                b.absent               c.appearance            d.help提示:注意此处为对比结构，所以此空中的用词应该和presence相对应。答案:a2.apart讲：adv.远离地；隔开地；向一边；在一边短语:take...apart把……拆开apart from prep. 除外例：the two houses are 500 metres apart.这两所房子相距500米。she lives apart from her parents.她和父母分开住。they planted the trees three metres apart.他们每隔三米种一棵树。he took me apart in order to speak to me alone.他把我领到一边，以便单独跟我说话。he took the engine apart in order to find where there was wrong.他把引擎拆开查找问题所在。练：_______ the cost,the dress doesn’t suit me.a.except                 b.expect              c.apart fr om          d.beside提示:apart from具有多重意义：既可表示besides,也可以表示except或except for,还可以表示without的意思。答案:c3.contribute讲：vt.& vi.贡献；捐献；投稿短语:contribute...to...把……贡献给；把……投给……contribute to 为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿例：he contributed a lot of money to the charity.他捐很多钱给慈善机构。she contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.她在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见。he didn’t contribute anything to world peace.他对世界和平毫无贡献。i contributed several poems to a literary magazine.我投了几首诗给一本文学杂志。the fair weather contributed to the success of the voyage.良好的天气助成了那次航行。a proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.适度的运动有益健康。the construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs.建造高速公路将有助于郊区的发展。链接•提示    n. contribution 贡献     make contributions to作出贡献练：eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.a.result from              b.contribute to           c.attend to          d.devote to提示:本题考查短语动词的用法。根据句子的意思分析，此处应使用能表示“导致”的短语。短语动词contribute to的意思是“有助于；促成”，相当于lead to。答案:b4.recommend 讲：vt.推荐；介绍；劝告；建议短语:recommend sth.(to sb.)(for sth.)recommend sb.sth.recommend(for sth./as sth.)recommend sb.to dorecommend doingrecommend that...例：can you recommend me a good novel?你能给我推荐一本好小说吗？he will recommend you for the job.他将会推荐你担任那一职务。i recommend her as your secretary.我推荐她当你的秘书。i recommend going by railway.我建议乘火车。the doctor recommended me to take a long rest.医生劝我长期休息。the teacher recommended that i (should) read the novel.老师劝我读那部小说。can you recommend me a good lawyer?你能推荐一位好律师给我吗？链接•提示    recommend在作“建议”讲时，其同义词为advise。recommend后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省略。练：i __________ you to buy this dictionary.a.recommend               b.suggest             c.agree             d.apply提示:此处用recommend表示“建议”。其他词均不能用动词不定式作宾语补足语。答案:a短语come into being讲：该短语为不及物动词短语，表示“出现；形成；产生”。例：we do not know when the universe came into being.我们不知道宇宙何时开始存在。thus the great wall came into being.这样长城就形成了。thus the first workers’ league came into being.这样第一个工人联盟就出现了。such a custom came into being long ago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。链接•拓展    come into power 上台；掌权；执政    this government came to/into power in 1998.    该政府于1998年执掌政权。    come into effect 实行；实施；生效    the new tax regulations came into effect last week.    新税法上周开始实施。    the telephone first came into use in the 1870s.    电话在19世纪70年代开始使用。    come into sight/view 可以望见；出现在眼前     the mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner.    我们拐过最后一个弯,山城就映入了我们的眼帘。练：the town came into ________ as we turned the corner.a.being                    b.use              c.fashion             d.sight提示:本题通过语境考查come into和不同名词构成短语的意思，短语come into being“形成”；come into use“开始使用”；come into fashion“流行；入时”；come into sight“进入视线”。根据as we turned the corner得出答案为d。答案：d句型1.a is to b what c is to d.讲：请观察下列课文原句：a nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.巢与鸟儿的关系如同房子和人的关系。a net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.网与渔夫的关系就像枪与猎人一样。arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.上肢与身体的关系就像树枝和树的关系。a is to b what c is to d.这一句型表示“a对b而言正如c对d一样”。例：we are to them what fish is to water.我们和他们的关系就像鱼儿和水一样。honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.蜂蜜与蜜蜂的关系如同牛奶和奶牛的关系。furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.家具与居室的关系如同体育器械和操场的关系。链接•提示    在本句型中只能使用what来引导。练：smell is to the nose _________ taste is to the ton gue.a.that                    b.what               c.how              d.which提示:本句话的意思为“嗅觉与鼻子的关系如同味觉和舌头的关系”。答案:b2.连词+过去分词作状语讲：请观察下面教材原句：once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.付印后，他的诗作因为行尾不押韵而大获其名。讲：once published是once it was published 的省略。英语中的某些连词，如when,if,unless,though,once等后可直接跟过去分词作状语。此时，过去分词与句子的主语之间一定要具有被动关系。例：if trapped in a burning building,you should send for help.如果困在燃烧的房子里，你应该寻求帮助。although shot in the leg,he continued firing at the thief.虽然被击中腿部，他继续和小偷搏斗。the programme,once begun,must be continued.这项活动，一旦启动，就必须继续下去。generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect. 一般来说，如按说明吃药，这种药没有副作用。unless invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.在会议上，如果不请你讲话，你就应保持沉默。i’ll go to attend the meeting if invited.如果受到邀请我就去参加那个会议。链接•提示    此句型为连词＋过去分词作状语的用法。过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应该和主句的主语一致，且表示被动的动作。有时为了更准确地表示主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，在过去分词的前面使用连词，相当于该连词引导的状语从句（从句谓语动词为被动）。练：a beam of light will not bend round comers unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device.a.having been made             b.being made             c.made        d.you make提示:分析句子结构和句子的意思，unless应该引导状语，但句子不完整。可补全句子内容为unless it is made to do so，所以正确答案为c项。答案:c辨析1.remind，call upremind v. 提醒；使想起常用结构有:remind sb.of...使某人想起；remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.that...提醒……she reminded me that i hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我还没有浇花。remind me to mail the letter.提醒我寄这封信。the film reminded me of my childhood.这部电影使我想起了我的童年时代。即时练习:the picture of the park ________memories of our class trip last year.a.called up               b.reminded           c.turned up            d.came up提示:call up打电话；使回忆起；召集；remind sb.of...使某人回忆起（宾语为人）；turn up出现；到达；把……开大/拧大；come up上升；提出。根据句意此处应表示“……使我想起了去年我们班的旅行”。答案：a2.despite,in spite of,though三者都有“尽管”之意，但词性不同。前两者为介词，后跟名词，通常情况下可换用。而though 是连词，后跟句子。即时练习:(1)he’s very active ________ his age.(2) ________ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.(3) ________ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.(4)young ________ he was he knew a lot.答案:(1)despite/in spite of  (2)in spite of/despite  (3)though  (4)though诱思:实例点拨【例1】 (重庆模拟) the old lady’s hand shook frequently.she explained to her doctor ________ this shaking had begun half a year before,and ________,only because of this,she had forced to give up her job.a.when;how              b.how;when             c.how;how           d.why;why 提示:由句中给出的时间状语half a year before可知不能再选含有when的选项，故排除a、b两项，这位老太太是在向医生说明情况，故她自己并不知道手哆嗦的原因，故排除d项why。正由于手哆嗦，她又是怎样被迫放弃了工作。答案:c讲评:连词的使用要从句子的意思上去分析。【例2】 (广东模拟) you’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ________ you have to wait.a.even if                 b.in case               c.as if             d.in order that提示:该句意为:你最好带点什么去读以防需要候诊。由上下文的逻辑语意可知，此处应该用in case。答案:b讲评:注意分析句子的意思。【例3】 (重庆模拟) —you know.bob is a little slow ________ understanding so...—so i have to be patient ________ him.a.in;with                b.on;with               c.in;to             d.at;of提示:be slow in表示“在……方面反应迟钝”，be patient with对……有耐心。答案:a讲评:从词语的固定搭配和句子所要表达的意思上去分析。

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