高考英语第二轮专题复习直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态高考英语第二轮专题复习直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态
直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态
在我们平时的考试中对直接引语的考查主要体现在对时态、语态、交际等各种具体语法项目的考察上，并已形成了在具体的语境和交际中综合考查语法基本知识的模式。一般来讲,说话人讲的内容可以用两种方式来引用，即直接引语和间接引语。前者是直接引用别人的原话;后者是转述别人的话。如：he said，"i am very happy."为直接引语。而he said that he was very happy.为间接引语。said称为引话动词，它前面的主语he称为第一主语。引语中的主语，如i及he，称为第二主语。引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。当直接引语转换为间接引语时，可能会涉及到动词、时态、人称、句型等的变化，现在就时态在转换中需要注意的问题向大家做一简介。 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的变化。一般规律是：现在时改为过去时；过去时改为完成时；过去完成时不变。如： she said, "i had been here for three days before i met jim." →she said she had been there for three days before she met jim. she said, "we agree with each other." →she said they agreed with each other. 但更要注意在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 1）若直接引语为一般现在时，且表示反复出现或经常性、习惯性的动作时。如： tom said, “ i have lunch at school every day.” →tom said that he has lunch at school every day. 2）直接引语中有具体的表示过去时间的年、月、日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： i said, "i was born on december 2l, 1960." → i said i was born on december 21, 1960. 3）若直接引语所表述的事在目前和说话时同样有效时。如： she said, “i like playing football.” →she said that she likes playing football. 4）若直接引语表述的是客观事实、科学真理和格言时。如： the old man said, “there are twelve months a year.” →the old man said that there are twelve months a year. 5）若主句的时态是一般现在时、现在完成式、现在进行时或一般将来时时。如： he often says, “i will never forget you.” →he often says he will never forget me. he will say, “i have done my best.”→ he will say that he has done his best. 6）若直接引语是过去完成时。如： the girl said to her mother, “i had finished my homework before supper.” →the girl told her mother that she had finished her homework before supper. 7）若在当天转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。如： lily said to me, “i was late for class yesterday.”→lily told me that she was late for class yesterday.8）若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如： she said, “i went there when i was six years old.” → she said she had gone there when she was six years old. 9）若对刚说过的话马上转述时。如： 共2页，当前第1页12
高考英语第二轮专题复习直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态
jim: i have been a teacher. lucy: what did jim say? tom: jim said that he has been a teacher.10）若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，变为间接引语时，时态不再变化。如： she said, “we should help each other.” → she said we should help each other.【跟踪精练】1. he said that________ at six every morning. a. he got up b. he gets up c. i get up d. i got up 2. miss li says that she________ in beijing in october, 1980. a. is born b. has been born c. was born d. being born 3.she said that practice _____ perfect knowledge . a. makes b. made c. has been made d. has made 4. she says, "i will remember you."→ she says that ________ . a. she will remember me b. i would remember you c. she remembers me d. i will remember you 5. mr. zhang said that liu tao ________ good student. a. was a b. is a c. has been d. had been 6. he said, "they had left when i got here."→ he said that they ________ when he got there. a. have left b . had left c. left d. was leaving 7. my teacher said i ______ for school when i was young.a. used to be later b. used to being late c. had used to be late d. used to be late 8. she said that the plane ________ at 9:20 a.m. a. will take off b. takes off c. would take off d. took off 9. he is saying to me that ________ . a. he was watching tv when she came in b. he had been watched tv when she came in c. i was watching tv when she was coming in d. i watched tv when she came in 10. he said where there is a will, there is a way. a. where there is a will, there is a way b. where there was a will , there was a way c. where there has been a will, there has been a way d. where there have a will, there have a will keys: 1-5 bc a a b 6-10 b d b a a 共2页，当前第2页12推荐站内搜索：山东专升本考试网、小学数学研修日志、江西教育网自考成绩查询、自考成绩查询系统、四川教师资格证成绩查询、周记一篇、新疆师范大学、吉林省自学考试成绩查询、教师招考试题、爱在我身边作文、
