2024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案2024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：省略、插入语和反意疑问句（新人教版）省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的。【省略的类型】一、简单句中的省略 【翻译句子】 (1)好久不见了！ haven't seen you for ages! (省略主语) (2)你要啥东西吗？ (is there) anything you want? (省略谓语) (3)我不知道他是谁。 i don't know (who he is).(省略宾语) (4)你有墨水吗？ (have you) got any ink? (省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）分)【结论1】 有些简单句中可以省略主语、谓语、宾语或主语和谓语。二、 并列句中的省略 【翻译句子】 (5)他教英语，他弟弟教数学。 he teaches english and his brother maths.【结论】在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分，这一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。三、复合句中的省略1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中【翻译句子】 (6)当被问到她是谁的时候，她一句话也没说。 when (she was) asked, she didn't answer a word.【结论1】在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。 【疑难1】 should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week. 要是明天下雨的话，我们将不得不将访问推迟到下个礼拜。【疑难剖析1】虚拟条件句中，含had, were, should时，若将它们提到句首，则需省略if。 【疑难2】this car doesn't run as fast as that one.这辆车没有那一辆开得快。i know you can do better than peter. 我知道你比彼得做得好。【疑难剖析2】在as (so)…as…， than引导的比较状语从句中省略谓语。 【疑难3】 child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管是个小孩，他却懂得很多。【疑难剖析3】在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的名词提前时，冠词要省略。 2.在限定性定语从句中 【翻译句子】 (7)他曾想做的就是去购物。 all he ever wants to do is going shopping. (8)令我吃惊的不是他所说的内容，而是他说话的方式。 what surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.【结论2】定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same… as和such… as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。 共7页，当前第1页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
3. 名词性从句中的省略 【翻译句子】 (9) he said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. 他说他两天前就到了，而且已经在一家旅馆住下了。【结论3】引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略，或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略。 【翻译句子】 (10) someone has used my bike, but i don't know who. 有人用过我的自行车了，但我不知道是谁。【结论4】作宾语的wh－从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。 【完成例句】 (11)我们和老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。 it's important that we speak to the old politely. 【结论5】在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词及其派生词： 一个坚持(insist)，二个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, propose, advise )，四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)。 【完成例句】 (12)这个问题应该马上解决，这是必要的。 it is necessary that the problem be solved at once. 【结论6】 it is necessary (important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that…主语从句中，should可以省略。 四、动词不定式中的省略【完成例句】 (13)我认为他很傻。 i consider him (to be) stupid. 【结论1】有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be ＋ n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。 【例句观察】 they made the workers work more than 16 hours a day. (积极) the workers were made to work more than 16 hours a day. (被动) 他们要求工人每天工作16个多小时。【结论2】在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语＋动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。 【例句观察】 ——你买到票了吗？ — did you get a ticket? ——没有。我想买的，可是卖完了。 — no, i meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.【结论3】动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。 特别注意：want, like用在 when, if, what，as 引导的从句中，其后的to也常可省略，如：i've decided to do what i like. 【翻译句子】 (14)除了等待，我们啥也做不了。共7页，当前第2页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
we do nothing now but wait. ＝we have nothing to do but wait. (15) i can not but admire his courage. 我不得不敬佩他的勇气。 (16)他别无选择，只好接受事实。 he has no choice but to accept the fact. 【结论4】在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but…， can't help but…， prefer to do rather than do …， would do… rather than… 之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something，nothing，anything和everything等不定代词时，也不带to, 否则要带to。【例句观察】 i'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该想啥，该说啥。【结论5】在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：i can not to scold but to praise you. 【例句观察】 why talk so much about it? 关于此事你为啥说了那么多？ why not try it again? 为啥不再试试？【结论6】在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。 【例句观察】 i don't want to wait for him, but i have to. 我并不想等他的，可我也不得不这样。 he doesn't like fish, but he used to. 他不喜欢吃鱼，但他以前很喜欢。 — why didn't you come to our party? ——你为啥不来参加舞会？ — i was going to，but i had a report to write. ——我本想来的，但我有个报告要写，来不了。 【结论7】动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。 【完成句子】 (17) you may go if you wish to. 你想去就去吧。 (18) don't go till i tell you to. 我没叫你走就别走。【结论8】动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。 【例句观察】 the students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab). 学生们都想进实验室，但班长建议他们别进去。【结论9】动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。 【例句观察】 ——陪我去购物好吗？ — could you go shopping with me? ——我很乐意。共7页，当前第3页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
— i'm glad to (go shopping with you).【结论10】系动词(be)＋形容词，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号。 特别注意：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have，如： — are you a doctor? — no, but i used to be 五、某些词法上的省略 1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略 1)这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的。 these are john's books and those are mary's.【结论1】如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。 2)怀特先生现在在诊所。 mr. white is now at the doctor's. 【结论2】名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：at mr. green's ，to my uncle's，at the barber's。 2. 冠词的省略 1)第二天我们来到农场帮助农场主收获庄稼。we went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 【结论1】在the next day (morning, week, year…)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑，定冠词the 常可以省略。 2)她在班上歌唱得最好。she sings best in the class. 【结论2】在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。 3)我们老师手里拿着书走了进来。[ ] our teacher came in, a book in hand. ＝our teacher came in, with a book in his hand. 【结论3】在某些独立主格结构中，冠词常可以省略。 3. 介词的省略 1) both (of)the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。 she invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请了我们俩参加她的生日聚会。【结论1】 both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。 2)these shoes are worn out. they have lasted (for) a long time. 这些鞋子很旧了。它们已经穿了好长时间了。 【结论2】在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。 3)the letter was posted yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄的。 【结论3】被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。 4)can you stop him (from)going swimming in the river? 你能否阻止他去河里游泳？【结论4】和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider… (as)…， prevent / stop… (from) doing…， have trouble / difficulty… (in) doing…，spend… (in / on) doing… 中的介词可以省略。 六、替代性省略 1)— do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 共7页，当前第4页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
—你认为他会去参加会议吗？ —i suppose not. —我想不会。【结论1】在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so, not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。 2)— i don't think i can walk any further. ——我想我是再也走不动了。 — neither can i. let's stop here for a rest. ——我也是。我们停下休息一会儿吧。 【结论2】“so / nor (neither)＋谓语＋主语”这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于后者。 【特别提醒】省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象；省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。插入语 插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度，对句子表达起修饰、强调、缓和语气等作用。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。掌握插入语不仅有助于正确理解句意，灵活运用插入语于书面表达中还能提高作文的得分。一、常用作插入语的副词【例句观察】 surely, she won't go to china telecom with you. strangely, he has not been to china unicom. still more strangely, he has not called me. fortunately, i found the book that i had lost.【结论1】indeed 的确 surely 无疑however 然而 obviously 显然frankly 坦率地 naturally 自然而然的fortunately 幸运地 strangely 奇怪honestly 真诚地 briefly 简单地说 luckily 幸运的是二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语【例句观察】 strange to say, he should have done such a thing.[ ] most important of all, you each over fulfilled your own task.【结论2】strange to say 说来也怪needless to say 不用说most important of all 最为重要的是worse still 更糟糕的是三、常用作插入语的介词短语【例句观察】 of course, he did not succeed for the lack of experience. she knows much more about computer science than the other students do, for instance. in a few words (或in sum, in short) 简而言之【结论】in his opinion (judgment) 按照他的意见(判断) in other words 换句话说 in a sense 在某种意义上 in general 一般说来 in my view 在我看来 in conclusion 总之 in summary 概括地说 in fact 事实上 in addition 此外of course 当然as a matter of fact 事实上to our knowledge 据我们所知for instance (或example) 比如共7页，当前第5页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
to my joy (delight, satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的是[ ]to their surprise (astonishment, amazement)使他们惊奇的是to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的是四、常用作插入语的分词短语【例句观察】 judging from his letter, a campaign against “white pollution” has been under taken in his hometown. generally speaking, boys like football much more than girls.【结论】strictly speaking 严格地说generally speaking 一般地说judging from…根据……判断given…鉴于…… considering…考虑到……【注意】不要把以上插入语理解为现在分词短语作状语，因为它们与主语之间没有主谓关系也无动宾关系，如上两句中speaking和judging的动作都不是句中主语发出的。[ ]五、常用作插入语的不定式短语【例句观察】 to be sure, community service can aid reemployment.【结论】to be sure无疑地 to sum up 概括地说to tell the truth 老实说 to start with 首先六、插入句【例句观察】 it will result in success, i suppose. one day, it is said, newton saw an apple fall from a tree. what is more important, information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply. 【结论】i am sure 我可以肯定地说 i believe 我相信i wonder 我想知道 you know 你知道you see 你明白 that is 也就是说it seems 看来是 as i see it 照我看来i'm afraid 恐怕 （请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） it is said 据说what is important (serious) 重要(严重)的是反意疑问句【例句观察】 somebody phoned while i was out, didn't they? everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they? nobody wants to go there, does he? there's no help for it, is there? there's something wrong, isn't there?【结论1】当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问部分的主语通常用they。但亦可用he, 尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。【结论2】当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问部分的主语也用there。【例句观察】 bob rarely got drunk, did he? few people know him, do they? she seldom goes to the cinema, does she?【结论3】陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。【例句观察】 he was unsuccessful, wasn't he? tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?【结论4】如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。【例句观察】共7页，当前第6页12345672024届高考英语第一轮语法专题教案
she says that i did it, doesn't she? i told them not everybody could do it, didn't i?.【结论5】当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。【注意】但当陈述部分的主语是i, 谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定转移。 i suppose that he's serious, isn't he? i don't think she cares, does he?【例句观察】 xiao lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn't he?【结论6】当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。【例句观察】 don't open the door, will you? give me some cigarettes, can you? take a rest, why don't you?【结论7】在由“祈使句＋附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you, 有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you等。 【注意】但是呢，以let's开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we；以let us开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用will you。 let'（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）s have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? let us go out for a rest, will you? 【例句观察】 the old man used to smoke, didn't/ usedn't he?[ ] tom used to live here, usedn't /didn't he?【结论8】当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。【例句观察】 learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn't it? between six and seven will suit you, won't it? where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?【结论9】陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。【例句观察】 i wish to have a chance to learn english, may_i?【结论10】陈述句中的谓语动词是wish, 表示愿望时用may, 且用肯定形式。共7页，当前第7页1234567推荐站内搜索：小学生日记400字、自考试题及答案、计算机考试网、初中数学题库、2015成人高考成绩查询、公务员考试面试时间、内蒙古教师资格证成绩查询、北京自考报名时间、永远跟党走演讲稿、安徽成人高考网上报名、
