八年级上册units 7—9 知识归纳一、词语辨析：1、win, beat二者都有“打赢；取胜”之意，但宾语不同：win后面所接的宾语一般是指一场比赛、一场辩论或一次战斗等等。如：he came first and won the race.他跑在最前面，赢得了这场比赛。beat后面所接的往往是比赛、辩论或战斗的对手，即宾语通常是人。如： the girls' team beat us in the football match.在那场足球比赛中，女子队打败了我们。i’m sure jim will win the match. we won the first place in the sports meeting. 我们赢了第一名。i’m afraid they will beat（各种工作总结、计划、报告、作文模板，尽在一路高升范文网） us.i hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子队，相当于人。)2、join, join in, take part in1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用join，不可用join in。如： ①he will never forget the day when he joined the party. 他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。 ②his brother joined the army three years ago. 他哥哥是三年前参军的。 join还可解释为“连接”。如： ①the railway joined the two cities. 铁路把两个城市连接起来了。 ②the two clauses are joined by a conjunction. 两个分句由一个连词连接起来。

2)说参加某种活动用join in，如说“与其人一起做某事”，则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如： ①may i join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ ②come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧！ ③we are having supper now.would you like to join us? 我们正在吃晚饭，你也来和我们一起吃好吗？ join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如： ①come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。 ②why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？ 3)take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度.起一份作用。如： ①a great number of students took part in may 4 movement. 大批学生参加了五四运动。 ②we are going to have an english evening. do you want to take part? 我们准备举办一个英语晚会，你想参加吗？ ③how many of you are going to take part? 你们多少人准备参加？ ④all the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning. 所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。 4) attend主要用于参加比较重要的场合与会议。he did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他没有参加会议。中考题：※the vips from 21 countries will ___the apec in shanghai this autumn.（XX年上海中考题）a. hold b. take part in c. join d. attend 解析：词汇的辨析使用很多是约定俗成，不能想当然，更不能按照中文意思去硬搬。hold是举行的意思，比如hold a meeting，hold a conference。但是这道题不是举行而是参加的意思，出席会议按照英文惯用法用attend a meeting，take part in 是指参加大型的活动，join是指参加党政，团体，组织，比如入党，join the party。所以这道题选择d※the children planted more trees and flowers after they _______greener china. (XX年辽宁省中考题) a.joined   b.took part in   c.became    d.were解析：本题考查join的用法，join为“参加某一个组织”；take part in为“参加某一活动”。故选a。3、because, because ofbecause是连词，其后接句子；because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。如： i didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。 he is here because of you （that）. 他为你（那事）而来这里。 he lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 we said nothing about it， because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。 he knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 注意：because of 之后可接 what 从句，但不能接 that 从句或没有引导词的句子。如： 　　他因生病没有来。 误：he didn’t come because of he was ill. 误：he didn’t come because of that he was ill. 正：he didn’t come because he was ill. 正：he didn’t come because of his illness. 比较以下同义句： 　　他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。 正：he left the company because of what the bo（各种工作总结、计划、报告、作文模板，尽在一路高升范文网）ss said at the meeting. 正：he left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting. 　　我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。 正：i can’t stop fighting because i have a family. 正：i can’t stop fighting because of having a family.二、被动语态被动语态考点例析a、考查要点：主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如：1. today chinese _____by more and more people around the world.a. was spoken b. is spoken c. spoke d. speak（北京市大纲卷）2. -what should we do first if we want to develop our village？-a lot of new roads _____，i think.a. have to build b. must build c. have built d. must be built（湖北黄冈）（key：1. b 2. d）简析：被动语态的句子是由助动词be＋动词的过去分词这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变，所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。b、特殊情况：（一）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，by＋动作的执行者可以省略。1. i won’t leave my office until my work .a. finish b. will finish c. are finished d. is finished（江苏南通）简析：d.动作的执行者很明确，可以省略。（二）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。2. dad， the phone is ringing. i guess either you or mum_____on the phone.a. is wanted b. are wanted c. wants d. want（江苏宿迁）简析：a.不清楚动作的执行者，用被动语态。（三）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。3. students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态）magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students. （重庆市）简析：填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词，变为被动语态后，不要漏掉out of.（四）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for；或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。4. my uncle sent me a christmas present last year.（改为被动语态）a christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.（重庆市）简析：填was sent.c、补充说明：（一）一般将来时的被动语态1. the village is building a school. i hope it _____ before august this year.a. finishes b. will finish c. is finished d. will be finished（江西省大纲卷）简析：d.一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will/shall＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。（二）现在完成时的被动语态2. china’s sport s stars yao ming and liu xiang _____ goodwill ambassadors（亲善大使）for shanghai.a. has been named b. have been namedc. has named d. have named（江苏徐州）简析：b.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词。

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