教学内容：fact and fantasy

ⅰ.课前准备导读 一、学习目标 本单元以谈论“科学与幻想”为话题，使学生了解科学与幻想的区别，认识到学习科学的重要性；同时通过对法国科学幻想和冒险小学家儒勒•凡尔纳（jules verne）及其作品的介绍，激发学生探索宇宙奥秘的兴趣。学习英语构词法。在练习写幻想短文“创造一个类似人类的生物”的实践中，培养书面表达能力，同时拓展学生创造性思维。

二、语言点讲解 1. the french writer jules verne wrote famous books, such as 20, 000 leagues under the sea and around the world in 80 days.法国作家儒勒•凡尔纳写了很多著名书籍，比如《海底两万里》和《八十天环游地球》。 （1）jules verne 儒勒•凡尔纳。法国科学幻想家和冒险小说家。 （2）such as ①like; for example 像；诸如；例如 eg: wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了。 ②everything that凡是 eg: such as remains after tax will be yours when i die. 我死后全部财产除了交税以外全部给你。 （3）league [li g] n. ① former measure of distance (about 3 miles or 4.8 km) 里格（旧时长度单位，约3英里或4.8公里）。 eg: the horse can run 50 leagues a day. 这匹马一天能跑240公里。 ②group of people or countries combined for a particular purpose 联盟；同盟 eg: the league of nations is an international organization. 国际联盟是一个国际组织。 2. try the small science quiz below to see if you know any better. 试试下面的科学小测验，看看你是否了解得多些。 any better 更好 any [′ani] adv. (used with faster, slower, better, etc. , in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中，与faster, slower, better等连用；用于if/whether之后)to any degree; at all在任何程度上；丝毫 eg: i can’t run any faster. 我无法跑得更快了。 is your father any better? 你父亲有所好转了吗？ 3. what is the distance from the earth to the moon? 地球到月球的距离是多少？ (1) distance [′dist ns] n. [c, u] ① (amount of) space between two points or places 距离；间距 a good cyclist can cover a distance of over a hundred miles a day. 自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里。 ②distant place or point 远处；远方 eg: at a distance of six miles you can’t see much. 距离六英里以外的东西很难看清。 (2) at a distance （稍）远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。 eg: this picture looks better at a distance. 这幅画远看就好些。 (3) in the distance (far away) 在（较）远处，强调距离之远。 eg: they were expecting to see in the distance some signs of the enemy. 他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。 (4) keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；不愿与某人亲近 eg: he always keeps anyone at a distance. 他总是不愿与任何人亲近： 4. how fast does a balloon travel? how about an airplane? how about a space shuttle? 一只气球能走多快？一架飞机呢？还有一架航天飞机呢？ (1)ballon [b ′lu n] ①n. brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child’s toy or a decoration（用作玩具或装饰品的）气球 eg: they bought their son a lot of balloons yesterday. 昨天他们给他们的儿子买了很多气球。 ②v. swell out like a balloon 如气球一般膨胀 eg: her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了。 ③go ballooning 乘气球 eg: they like to go ballooning at weekends. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。 (2)how/what about …？……怎么样？常常用来打听消息或提出建议，征求对方意见，后接名词，代词或动名词。 eg: how about your mother? does she feel better today? 你妈妈怎么样听？她今天觉得好点儿了吗？ (3)space shuttle—spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飞机；太空穿梭机 eg: i have never seen a space shuttle. 我从未看见过航天飞机。

三、课前准备针对性练习（18分，15分钟） （一）汉译英（每小题2分，共10分） 1.她能讲很多种语言，例如英语，法语，汉语和日语。 ______________________________________________________ 2.他比你跑得还慢吗？（any） ______________________________________________________ 3.我们看到了远处的灯光。 ______________________________________________________ 4.咱们到法国去度假好吗？ ______________________________________________________ 5.我喜欢乘气球胜过做其他的事。 ______________________________________________________ （二）阅读理解（每小题2分，共8分） in 1901, h.g. wells, an english writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. when the explorers (探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. they expressed their surprise to the “moon people”they met. in turn, the “moon people”expressed their surprise. “why,”they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” h.g. wells could only imagine traveling to the moon. in 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. people today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. however, the question that the“moon people” asked is still an interesting one. a growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. underground systems are already in place. many cities have underground car parks. in some cities, such as tokyo, seoul and montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. the “chunnel”, a tunnel（隧道） connecting england and france, is now completed. but what about underground cities? japan’s taisei corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “alice cities”. the designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping and so on. a solar dome（太阳能穹顶） would cover the whole city. supporters of underground development say that building down rather that building up is good way to use the earth’s space. the surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. h.g. wells’ “moon people” would agree. would you? 1. the explorers in h.g. wells’ story were surprised to find that the“moon people”______. a. knew so much about the earth b. understood their language c. lived in so many underground cities d. were ahead of them in space technology 2. what does the underlined word “it” (paragraph 2) refer to? a. discovering the moon’s inner again. b. using the earth’s inner space. c. meeting the “moon people” again. d. travelling to outer space. 3. what sort of underground systems are already here with us? a. offices, shopping areas, power stations. b. tunnels, car parks, shopping areas. c. gardens, car parks, power stations. d. tunnels, gardens, offices. 4. what would be the best title for the text? a. alice cities—cities of the future. b. space travel with h.g. wells. c. enjoy living underground. d. building down, not up.

ⅱ.听力导读 一、语言点讲解 1. fill in the chart on the next page and make a sketch of the animal as they saw. 填写下一页的图表并按他们看到的动物的样子给那种动物作一个速写。 sketch [sket ] n. ①rough quickly-made drawing, without many details素描；速写；草图 ②make a sketch of … 作一个……的速写 eg: he was good at making a sketch of face. 他擅长作面部素描。 ③short account or description, giving only basic details 简短的陈述或素描 ④give a sketch of …概述…… eg: please give a sketch of your plans. 请概述一下你的计划。 2. description [di′skrip n] n. describing; picture in words 描述；描绘 （1）give sb. a brief description of …向某人简要地描述…… eg: can you give me a brief description of what has happened? 你能向我简要描述一下所发生的事吗？ （2）beyond description 难以描述 eg: her beauty is beyond description. 她的美貌难以用语言来描述。 （3）give/make a description of …对……加以描述 eg: he made a description of the thief.他描述了小偷的模样。 （4）describe[di′skraib] v. say what sb./sth. is like; depict sth. in words 描述某人/某事物。常构成describe sb./sth. (to/for sb.) eg: words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.那景色之美难以言传。 3. why does sam need to know the time? 为什么萨姆需要知道时间？ need的用法小结： （1）need作情态动词，通常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句、whether/if名词从句或含否定意义的句子中。 eg: i do not see why we need discuss it further. 我看我们没有必要讨论下去了。 that’s all settled. it needn’t be talked about. 那已全部解决了，没有必要再讨论了。 （2）need又是实义动词，各种变化和用法与普通实义动词相同。 eg: ①they need a rest after a long walk. 长距离行走后他们需要休息一下。 ②i need you to work for me, young man! 小伙子，我需要你为我工作！ ③i need to consult a dictionary. 我需要查字典。 （3）need接动名词主动形式，表示被动含义，这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，need doing可转换为need to be done结构，意思相同。 my hair needs washing badly.(=my hair needs to be washed badly.) 我的头发非常需要洗一洗。 the garden needs watering.(= the garden needs to be watered.) 花园需要洗水。

二、如何听的建议 如何确定听力材料所要求听懂的人物、时间、地点等问题是听力训练中我们常遇到的难题，可以从下面几方面入手： 1.积极进行预测 要利用已知的信息进行分析、加工、归纳、预测，以达到快速、准确理解所接收信息的目的。一定要利用一切可以利用的时间阅读问题和选项，根据题目中的选项进行积极预测。 2.注意抓关键词 捕捉信息重点是听力测试中的重要一环。这种能力要在训练时多加注意，因为说话的人常常通过句子的重音和语调来强调关键词。 3.善于跳越难点，充分利用重复信息 听的时候，注意力要紧跟说话人的思路。不要因为个别单词没听清就不再往下听了。应该毫不迟疑地跳过去，并接着往下听。善于利用上下文和重复信息猜测生词的大意。 4.学会记笔记 听力材料不像阅读材料可以重复。所以在做听力尤其在听短文或较长的对话时，做些笔记尤为重要。但是，听力测试中的记应是速记，不是听写。速记要使用自己认识的、最简便、最迅速的办法（如字母|缩写、等号，甚至中文）。

ⅲ.口语导读 一、语言点讲解 1. fiction [′fik n] n. (1)[c] sth. invented or imagined 虚构之事；捏造的故事 eg: the film was very good although it was a fiction. 这部电影虽属虚构，但很好。 (2)[u] (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances （作为文学之一分支的）小说 eg: truth is often stranger than fiction.事实往往比小说还离奇。 (3)science fiction 科幻小说 2. in the future, in future与in the far future. (1)in the future意思是“将来，今后的时期”，但不一定就是从今立即开始，而是将来的时间。 eg: no one can know what will happen in the future. 没有人会知道将来会发生什么事。 (2)in future意思是“从今以后”（=from now on）。 eg: in future, be careful with your pronunciation. 今后要注意你的发音。 (3)in the far future 在遥远的未来 eg: it is possible for doctors to find a way to keep us young forever in the far future.在遥远的未来，医生有可能找到一种使我们永远年轻的办法。 3. incomplete [ ink m′pli t] adj. not complete不完全的 eg: the passage below is incomplete. please fill in the blanks using correct prepositions.下面的文章是不完整的，请用正确的介词填空。 注：incomplete是在complete前加含否定含义的前缀“in-“构成的，表达与complete相反的含义。 4. work with sb.与work with sth. (1)work with sb.意为“和某人一道工作” eg: i like to work with him. 我喜欢和他一块儿工作。 (2)work with sth. 意为“从事……方面的研究工作”，“用……工作” eg: professor wang had worked with bees for many years. 王教授多年从事蜜蜂的研究工作。 i would rather work with the bigger brush. 我宁愿用那把大一点儿的刷子干活。 5. (1) beat, defeat, win与gain ①beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg: we beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。 in the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。 ②win和gain属一组同义词。gain表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有one’s living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration 等；win表示在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。 eg: we shall gain experience through practice.我们将通过实践获得经验。 they won the battle but lost many men. 他们取得了这次战斗的胜利，但牺牲了很多人。 (2)beat, hit, strike与tap beat着重“连续性地击打”，如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。此外，beat还可用来指心脏的跳动。strike通常表示打一下，打若干下等意思，不一定都是有意的，还可指罢工，（钟）敲响之意。hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。tap一般是轰轰拍打的意思。 eg: the wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打得伏倒了。 the stone hit him on the head.石头击中了他的头部。 it strikes a bug’s back with is forelegs and feelers. 它（蚂蚁）用前腿和触角敲打臭虫的背部。 it taps on the other’s head with its feelers, using a kind of telegraph code. 它（蚂蚁）像使用一种电码的方式一样，用触角轻敲对方的头部。 6. doctors may find a way to keep us young forever.医生可能会找到一种使我们永远保持年轻的办法。 （1）“way”意为“方式，方法”，在其后要用to do或of doing的形式作后置定语。 eg: cao chong thought out a way to weigth/of weighing the elephant. 曹冲想出了一个称象的办法。 （2）此外，如果way之后跟定语从句，那么这个定语从句用in which或that引导，也可省略。 eg: this was the way that/in which they solved the problem. 这就是他们解决那个问题的办法。 7. believe sb. 与believe in sb. believe sb.相信某人（所说的话是真的） believe in sb.信任某人 eg: i believe him, but i can’t believe in him. 我相信他的话是真的，但我不能信任他。

二、交际用语讲解 本单元要求学习并掌握表达相信，不相信和推测的日常交际用语。具体总结归纳如下： i believe … i doubt… it could be … but… i suppose … i’m (not) certain … it’s likely … i’m sure that… i can’t imagine… it would take…

三、口语针对性练习（20分，15分钟） （一）单项选择（每小题1分，共10分） 1. you were very lucky to have escaped from the big fire last night. you should be careful _________ when cooking. a. in the future b. in future c. in the far future d. for future 2. she was a very good person to __________. a. work with b. work out c. work on d. work at 3. the girl was frightened at the sight of a snake and her heart was __________ fast. a. striking b. hitting c. beating d. jumping 4. i’m not __________ it __________ rain or not. a. sure that; is going to b. sure if; will c. sure whether; is going to d. surely if; will 5. never have we __________ being able to finish is time. a. doubted b. believed c. sure of d. certain about 6. to live, one must have something __________. a. believe b. to believe c. to believe in d. believe in 7. the way that you thought of __________ with the polluted water was practical（可用的，有实效的）. a. dealing b. of dealing c. of doing d. deal 8. —do you think it is going to rain over the weekend? —__________. a. i don’t believe b. i don’t believe it c. i believe not so d. i believe not 9.—it must be about ten o’clock now. —__________.it must be about ten thirty. a. i don’t think so b. i think it now c. it must be not d. it’s not that time 10. you __________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. a. needn’t to come b. don’t need come c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come （二）补全对话（每小题2分，共10分） —what do you do in the new play? —i’m an actress._____1_____. —but you look in your thirties. —that’s right and that’s the job of an actor or an actress.____2_____ —it sounds interesting and surprising. —____3_____ we need a lot of practice with the directors. —yes.____4_____ it is hard to remember the lines of the dialogue, isn’t it? —yes, it is hard.____5_____ a. some of us don’t work very hard. b. but if you work hard at it, everything will be ok. c. i can imagine so. d. i play the part of the old aged 68. e. but acting is a hard job. f. i hope so. g. we can change ourselves with the help of makeup workers.

ⅳ.阅读指导 一、生词和词组 1. bulb[b lb] n. ①(also light bulb) pear-shaped glass container for the filament of an electric light 电灯泡 eg: if you have time, please change a bulb.如果你有时间的话，请换个灯泡。 ②thick rounded underground stem of certain plants（eg the lily, onion, tulip） sending roots downwards and leaves upwards. 鳞茎；球茎（如百合、洋葱、郁金香的茎） eg: we cooked onion bulbs for food. 我们烹调洋葱茎作为食物。 ③object shaped like a bulb 球状物 eg: the bulb of this thermometer is broken.这支温度计的球状顶端碎了。 2. foundation [fa n′dei n] n. ①[u] act of founding (an institution, organization, etc.) （机构，组织等的）建立，创立，创办 eg: he devoted all his energy to the foundation of the university. 他把全部精力都致力于这所大学的创办。 ②[c,u] principle, idea or fact on which sth. is based; basis（作为某事的）基本原则、思想或事实；基础 eg: this success laid the foundation of his career. 这次成功为他的事业奠定了基础。 ③foundation course 基础课 ④ foundation-stone 奠基石 ⑤found v.建立，创立 ⑥founder n. 建立者；缔造者 3. servant [′s v t]n. ①person who works in sb. else’s household for wages, and often for food and lodging 仆人；佣人 eg: he had a lot of servants work for him. 他让很多仆人为他工作。 ②employee, esp. a faithful and devoted one 雇员（尤指忠心耿耿的）；公务员 eg: he was a trusted servant of the company. 他是这个公司里的一个可靠雇员。 4. whale [weil] (1)n. any of several types of very large mammal that live in the sea, some of which are hunted for their oil and flesh 鲸 eg: a whale is not a fish.鲸不是鱼。 (2)have a whale of a time（习语）玩得非常愉快 eg: the children had a whale of a time at the fairground. 孩子们在游乐场玩得很高兴。 (3)v. hunt whales 捕鲸 eg: they are whaling at sea. 他们正在海上捕鲸。 (4)whaler n.捕鲸；捕鲸的人 5. hunter[′h nt ] n. person who hunts 猎人；搜索者；搜寻者 eg: the hunter lost his way in the forest when he went hunting that day. 那个猎人那天去打猎的时候在森林里迷了路。 6. collision[k ′li n] n. [c,u] ①(instance of) one object or person striking against another; (instance of) colliding; crash（物与物或人与人）相撞，碰撞，撞坏 常构成：collision with sb./sth. 与某人/某物相撞 collision between a and b a与b相撞 eg: the collision between two cars caused 3 deaths. 两车相撞造成三人死亡。 ②strong disagreement; conflict or clash of opposing aims, ideas, opinions, etc.抵触；（相反的目的、看法、意见等的）冲突 eg: her political activities brought her into collision with the law. 她的政治活动触犯了法律。 7. overboard [′ v b d] adv. ①over the side of a ship or boat into the water 从船上落（或抛）入水中；在船外 eg: the sailor jumped overboard into the sea. 那位水手从船上跳入水中。 ②go overboard (about sb./sth.) 对（某人/某事）极感兴趣或过分感兴趣 eg: he goes overboard about ever young woman he meets. 他对年轻的女子见一个爱一个。 ③throw sth./sb. overboard 抛弃某事物；除掉或不再支持某人 eg: after heavily losing the election, the party threw their leader overboard. 该党惨败落选后罢免了党魁。 8. submarine [ s bm ′ri n] n. naval vessel that can operate underwater welll as on the surface 潜水艇 eg: a submarine travels under the surface of the sea.潜水艇在海面下行驶。 9. permanent [′p m n nt] adj. ①lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永久的；永恒的；长久的；长期的 eg: she is looking for permanent employment.她正在找固定的工作。 ②not likely to change 不大可能改变的 eg: she wrote down my permanent address. 她写下了我的固定地址。 10. guest [gest] (1)n. person invited to visit one’s house or being entertained at one’s expense宾客；客人 eg: we are expecting guests this weekend. 我们本周末要来客人。 (2)n. person staying at a hotel, boarding house, etc.住在旅馆、寄宿处等的人；旅客 eg: this hotel has accommodation for 500 guests. 这旅馆能接待500位客人。 (3)客座教授 eg: professor wang, our guest tonight, will give us a speech on dna. 我们的客座教授王教授，今晚要给我们作一个关于dna的演讲。 (4)v. appear as a guest on a television or radio programme（在电视或广播节目中）客串 eg: she often guests on a radio programme.她经常在一个广播节目中客串。 11. voyage [′v iid ] (1)n. long journey, esp. by sea or in space 航行；（尤指）航海，航天 eg: they made a voyage across the atlantic. 他们作了一次横越大西洋的航行。 (2)v. go on a voyage; travel 航行；航海；航天飞行 eg: a plane crashed down when it voyaged through space. 一架飞机作航天飞行时坠毁了。 (3)voyager [′v iid ] n. 航行者；航海者；航天者 12. aboard [ ′b d] adv. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp. u.s.) a bus在船（或飞机、车）上；上船；登机 eg: we went aboard. 我们上了船。 13. prisoner [′priz n ]n. ①person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial犯人；囚犯 eg: he was kept as a prisoner.他作为一个囚犯被关了起来。 ②person that has been captured被抓起来的人；俘虏；失去自由的人 eg: you are our prisoner now.你现在是我们的俘虏了。 14. gentle [′d entl] adj. mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe 温和的；慈祥的；小心的；温柔的；文雅的；轻轻的 eg: i met a gentle old woman yesterday. 我昨天遇到了一个慈祥的老太太。 15. extinct [ik′sti kt] adj. ①(esp. of a type of animal, etc.) no longer in existence（尤指某种动物等）不再存在的；绝种的；灭绝的 eg: if we continue to destroy the countryside, many more animals will become extinct. 我们若继续破坏乡村环境，将会有更多的动物绝种。 ②(fire or hope) ge out（火，希望等）熄灭了的 eg: the fire was extinct.火灭了。 16. layer [′lei (r)] n. ① thickness of material (esp. one of several) laid over a surface or forming a horizontal division层（尤指数层之一） eg: several thin layers of clothing will keep you warmer than a thick one. 穿几层薄的衣服总比穿一层厚的衣服暖和。 ②person who lays sth. on… 铺设者 17. marble [′ma bl] (1)n. types of hard lime stone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石 eg: these steps are made of marble. 这些台阶是大理石建造的。 (2) marbles (pl.) collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品；大理石艺术品 (3)adj. like marble 像大理石的 eg: she has marble skin. 她有着大理石般光洁的皮肤。 18. paraphrase [′p r freiz] (1)v. express the meaning of (a piece of writing, statement, etc.) in different words, esp. in order to make it easier to understand将（一段文字等）释义或意译（尤指为易于理解） eg: he paraphrased a speech in colloquial english. 他用通俗英语意译了一篇演讲稿。 (2)n. rewording of a piece of writing, statement, etc. , especially in order to make it easier to understand （对一段文字等的）释义，意义（尤指为易于理解） eg: the paraphrase of the sonnet is easy to understand. 该十四行诗的意译易于理解。 19. definition [ defi′ni n] [u] n. stating the exact meaning (of words, etc.)（词语等的）释义 eg: dictionary writers must be skilled in ther art of definition. 辞书编纂者必须精于给词语下定义的技巧。 20. misbehave [ misbi′heiv] v. behave badly or improperly 行为不端；举止不当 eg: she misbehaved. 她行为不端。 21. subtitle [′s btaitl] n. (usu. pl. 通常作复数) (esp. cinema 尤用于电影) words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕 eg: without the subtitles i would not understand the film. 没有字幕的话我就理解不了这部电影。 22. interchangeable [ int t eind bl] adj. that can be interchanged, esp. without affecting the way in which sth. works 可交换的，可互换的，可交替的（尤指不影响操作的） eg: the two words are interchangeable. 这两个单词是可互换的。 23. underpants [′ nd p nts] n. short undergarment worn by men and boys covering the lower part of the body（男用）内裤 eg: he stood there in his underpants. 他只穿内裤站在那儿。 24. study law study 研究；学习；求学。 study law意为“研究法律”，law前不加冠词，类似的用法还有study medicine“研究医学”。 eg: he wanted to study law. 他想学法律。 25. make a living与make one’s living意为“谋生”，这里的make也可换成earn/gain/get。在表达“靠做……以谋生”之意时，常用短语earn/gain/get/make a/one’s living by doing sth./as a…。 eg: before liberation, her grandfather made a/his living by working for a land owner.解放前，她爷爷靠给一个地主干活为生。 26. …allow man to do things … ……允许人类做……, allow可构成以下结构： allow sb. to do sth.→被动：sb. be allowed to do sth. allow doing sth.允许做某事 eg: mother doesn’t allow me to go out at night. 妈妈不允许我晚上外出。 they didn’t allow smoking here. 这儿不允许吸烟。 类似用法的动词还有：advise, permit, forbid等词。 27. set out与set off (1)set out意为“出发/启程”，表达“动身去某地”时用“set out for sp.”此时可与“set off for sp.”互换。 eg: they set out for town at dawn.他们在拂晓动身进城了。 (2)set out to do sth.意为“开始做某事”。 eg: when everything was ready, the doctor set out to perform the operation.一切准备就绪，医生就开始动起手术来了。 28. on board上船（或飞机、火车、汽车等）；在船上（或飞机上、火车上、汽车上）。 eg: as soon as we went on board, our ship left the port. 我们一上船，船就出港了。 29. from that day on从那天起，“from+时间+on”表示“从……时候起”，如“from then/now/1998 on”表示“从那时/现在/1998年起”之意。可与现在、过去、将来的时态连用。 eg: from then on she knew she would win. 从那时起她就知道她将取胜。 30. defend … against/from …保护/保卫/防御……抵御/免遭 eg: the soldiers defended their country against enemies. 战士们保卫他们的祖国抵御敌人。 it is the nature of a mother to defend her child from harm. 保护自己的孩子不受伤害是一个母亲的天性。

二、同、近义词辨析 1. electric与electrical (1)electric电的；用电的；带电的；发电的 an electric current/torch/iron 电流/电筒/电熨斗 eg: he bought an electric torch yesterday.昨天他买了一个手电筒。 (2)electrical关于电的 electrical engineering电机工程学 eg: he majored in electrical engineering in the college. 他在大学里主修电机工程学。 2. discover, find out与invent (1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。 (2)find out常用来指“弄明白、搞清楚、查出（某一真相）”，做“发现”讲时，是指发现一种无形而隐藏的东西。 (3)invent表“发明”之意，意思是发明出以前没有的东西，往往是物质性的东西。 eg: gilbert discovered electricity , but edison invented the light bulb. 吉伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了灯泡。 think over and you’ll find out that you are wrong. 仔细想想，你就会发现你错了。 3. instead与instead of instead是副词；instead of为介词短语，后接名词，代词，动名词或介词短语，从句等形式。一般情况下，含有instead of的句子可以改写为含有instead的句子。 eg: he stayed in bed all day instead of going to school. =he didn’t go to school. instead, he stayed in bed all day. 他没去上学，而是在床上躺了一整天。 i didn’t drink water. i drank juice instead. =i drank juice instead of water. 我没有喝水，而是喝的果汁。 4. late, lately, latest, later与latter (1)late指比预料的或正常的时间晚。 eg: i was late for work again.我上班又迟到了。 (2)lately“近来”，常用于疑问句，否定句，或与only连用或用于as lately as中。肯定句中用recently。 eg: have you seen her lately?你最近看到过她吗？ (3)latest adj.“最近的”、“最新的” eg: have you got the latest news about him?你有他最近的消息吗？ (4)later“后来”，“较晚的时候”，也可和段时间连用，表示从过去或将来某一时间起，多长时间以后。 eg: later the boy found his mother. 后来那个男孩找到了他妈妈。 (5)latter用来表示两事物之间的顺序，意为“后一个/后者”，与the former（前者）相对。 eg: of these two men the former is dead, but the latter is still alive. 此二人中前者已死，但后者仍活着。 5. at the beginning与in the beginning (1)at the beginning通常接of短语，表示“在……初”，“在……开始的时候”，它的反义短语是at the end of。 eg: great changes took place at the beginning of the century. 在那个世纪初发生了巨大的变化。 (2)in the beginning表示“起初”，“开始的时候”，不与of介词短语连用。但at the beginning偶尔也可单独使用，在意思上与in the beginning区别不大。 eg: in the beginning nobody took any notice of his words. 起初没人理睬他的话。 6. finally, at last与in the end (1)finally一般指一系列事物或论点按排列的最后一项内容，或用在动词前，表示等了好久才……，没有感情色彩。 eg: finally, let’s do some exercises.最后我们来做一些练习吧。 (2)at last往往表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后的意思，常常有较浓的感情色彩。 eg: at last, he got hold of the elephant’s tail. 他最后终于抓住了大象的尾巴。 (3)in the end可与finally和at last通用。 eg: the war lasted four years before the north won in the end.这场战争持续了四年，最后北方取得了胜利。（但in the end可预卜未来。）

三、语言点讲解 1. jules spent many hours in paris libraries studying geology, physics and many other subjects.儒勒在巴黎图书馆花费很长时间研究地质学，物理学和许多其他的学科。 spend“花费”，常用于下面的结构： spend money/time on sth./(in) doing sth. 在某事/做某事方面花费钱/时间 eg: he does not spend much time on his homework. 他在做作业上花费不了多少时间。 注意区别spend与take。 take的用法是：it takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间” eg: it took him two hours to finish the work. 完成这份工作花费了他两个小时。 2. many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of dr benjamin franklin’s experiments with electricity. 他小说里所提到的许多设备会让读者想起本杰明•富兰克林用电做的实验。 remind提醒；使想起；可构成以下结构： (1)remind sb. of sth./sb. 使某人想起某事/某人 eg:

推荐站内搜索：安徽省教师编制考试时间、湖北大学专升本、2012年成人高考试题、农村信用社考试时间、教师资格证报名入口、手抄报图片简单又漂亮、升旗演讲稿、成人高考分数查询、广西成人高考报名系统、骆驼祥子读后感400、