【人教新课标】XX年高考一轮复习黄金学案――unit 3  travel journal（必修一）

语言要点单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

词汇

部分

词语

辨析1. finally/at last/in the end2. across/through/over3. persuade / advise4. beneath / under / below

词形

变化1. organize vt. 组织organized adj. 有组织的organization n. 组织2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的3. determine v. 决定 determined  adj.   坚决的determination n. 决心; 坚定性

重点

单词1. prefer v. 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）    2. persuade v. 说服；劝说3. insist v. 坚持4. determine v.  决定；确定；下定决心

重点

词组1.      care about 关心，在乎 go through 经历；经受2.      give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交3.      change one’s mind 改变主意

重点句子1. it was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire mekong river. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。（强调句）2. she insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.   她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。

重点语法现在进行时表示将来 （见语法部分）i 词语辨析  (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. finally/at last/in the end 【解释】 finally 有两个意思，一是在按顺序列举事物或论点时引出最后一项内容，“最后，末了”；二是表示“在经过很长时间之后才，终于。” 另外，finally 一般位于动词前。at last强调经过一番努力 in the end强调经过许多困难、变化之后，事情才发生at last和in the end 同finally 的第二个意思【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). the war lasted four years before the north won _______________.2). your idea will turn out right _________.3). ______, i want to thank you for helping me.keys: 1). in the end/ at last   2). in the end  3). finally2. across/through/over【解释】across 表示从表面上横穿，横跨through 表示穿过空间内部over 表示“越过”，指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空the great wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great des（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）erts.    keys:   over…through…across3. persuade / advise【解释】persuade 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。强调劝说已收到成效。advise 并不涉及是否有成效【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). some of us ________ him to change his mind but no one could _________ him to do so.keys: 1). advised…persuade4. beneath / under / below【解释】beneath 书面用词，指紧挨……之下under   普通用词，指在某物的正下方below   指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范围较宽 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). write your name _______ the line.2). they found the body buried a pile of leaves.3). they stood ________ a big tree.keys: 1). below  2). beneath           3). underii 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. organize vt. 组织organized adj. 有组织的organization n. 组织2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的3. determine v. 决定 determined  adj.   坚决的determination n. 决心; 坚定性【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)        he's involved in the _______ of a new club. (organize)2)  she’s a highly ________ person. (organize)3）she _______ the class into four groups. (organize)4）these goats are specially bred for their _______. (wool)5）those are _______ blankets (wool)6）his father is a leader with courage and _________. (determine)7)        she will ________ how it is to be done. (determine)8)  i'm ________ to succeed. (determine)keys:  1) organization         2) organized         3) organized                4) wool         5) woolen          6) determination  7) determine                8) determinedⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物） [典例] 1). i prefer dogs to cats. 猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。2). i prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。3). would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？[重点用法]prefer sth../doing                        prefer a to bprefer doing a to doing b     &（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）nbsp;    prefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)prefer that-clause [练习] 中译英1). 比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车，他宁愿骑自行车。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 玛丽更愿意我在外面等她。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 2). mary prefers me to wait for her outside.2. persuade v. 说服；劝说[典例] 1). we persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。2). my mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.   妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。3). how can i persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？4). i am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我几乎相信了他是诚实的。[重点用法]persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth.  劝阻某人做某事persuade sb. of sth.  使某人相信某事persuade that-clause  使某人相信...[练习] 中译英       1）他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。       2) 我们使亨利相信是他错了。       3) 我几乎相信他是诚实的。key：1) he is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.         2) we persuaded harry that he was wrong.        3)i am almost persuaded of his honesty.3. insist v. 坚持[典例] you can come back later, if you insist.  如果你一定要坚持，你就稍后再来吧。[重点用法]insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事i still insist on my viewpoint.  我仍然坚持我的观点。he insisted on paying for the meal.  他坚持要付饭钱。mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。[练习] 选择填空1). the man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though i told him i lived nearby.a. find     b. to find     c. on finding     d. in finding2). i insist that a doctor _______ immediately.    a. has been sent for   b. sends for    c. will be sent for    d. be sent for 3). some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station.a. was; be taken               b. was, would be taken    c. should be; should be taken    d. be; be taken keys: 1). c   2). d    3). a 4. determine v.  决定；确定；下定决心[典例] 1). attitude determines everything.   态度决定一切。2). we determined to go to the railway station at once.  我们决定立刻去火车站。3). i wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。 4). the court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。[重点用法]determine on/upon (doing) sth.                 determine + n. determine to do sth.                                        determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事determine + that-clauseadj.  be determined to do sth.[练习] 中译英1). 你决定好暑假做什么了吗？__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 她决心要上哈佛大学。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?     2).she was determined to go to harvard university.ⅳ 重点词组  （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. care about 关心，在乎[典例] 1). the only thing he cares about is money.   他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。2). family members should always care about each other.  一家人应该互相关心。[短语归纳]care for 喜欢（多用于否定、疑问句）；照顾i don’t care for coffee.  我不喜欢喝咖啡。could you help care for my child when i am out？ 我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗？[练习] 中译英1). 她关心的只是她的社交活动。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 他深深地爱着她。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). all she cares about is her social life.  2). he cares for her deeply. 2.  give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交[典例]1). seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不认输。2). it’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交试卷的时间了。[短语归纳]give in (to sb./sth.) 向…让步                               give up sth./doing   放弃（做）某事    give away  赠送；泄露                        give back 归还；恢复            give off    放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)     give over 交付                     give out vt. 分配；分发；发布  vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽[练习]　用 give 构成的短语的适当形式填空。1). when will the food supplied of our enemy________.2). he intended to________ a large amount of money to the project hope.3). because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to europe.keys: 1). give out        2). give away        3). give up       3. change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）[典例]1). maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。2). i have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心，不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。[短语归纳] 与mind 有关的常用短语have a/no mind to do   有/无意做lose one’s mind 失去理智read one’s mind 看出某人的心思speak one’s mind 直言不讳be of the same mind  意见一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意give one’s mind to 注意…keep one’s mind on 专心于…take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意力bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事[练习] 中译英1). 我决心当医生。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 任何事情都不能使我改变主意。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). i've made up my mind to be a doctor. 2). nothing will make me change my mind.v重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. it was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire mekong river. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。 [解释] 强调句型  it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。强调主语：it is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。强调宾语：it was michael that/who i gave this ticket to.  我把这张票给了麦克。 强调时间状语：it was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大约6XX年前，第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。强调地点状语：it was in brooklyn that beckham first met victoria, so they named their first son brooklyn. 布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。强调从句：it was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。 [练习] 中译英1). 我把这张票给了麦克。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1). it was michael that/who i gave this ticket to.2). it was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.2. she insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.[解释]insist + that-clause insist 意为“坚持要求（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持某种观点”时，宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化，不用虚拟语气。he insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake.   他坚持认为自己没有犯错。the bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety.  出于安全考虑，护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。suggest (建议)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (请求)，order (命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虚拟语气。[练习] 中译英1). 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。__________________________________________________________________________________________2). 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。__________________________________________________________________________________________keys:1). i insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right.2). his cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.课文要点（模块）1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：wang kun and his sister wang wei had a dream   1    taking a bike trip along the mekong river. they began their trip from   2   it begins to where it ends. wang wei was so stubborn that   3    she was   4    ( 决心) to do something , nothing could   5    her mind. so though wang kun had different idea about the trip but he had to give   6   .       the mekong river begins at a glacier on a tibetan mountain   7    an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. it passes   8   deep valleys,   9   (travel)   10   western yunnan province and finally flows into the south china sea. 答案：1. of/about       2. where        3. once   4. determined       5. change       6. in 7. with    8. through      9. traveling     10. across 2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。    王昆和他的姐姐沿着媚公河骑自行车游览。他们对媚公河的地理环境和沿途风景作了详尽的描写。      the passage is about_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：the passage is about wang kun and his sister cycling along the mekong river and they gave a detailed description of the river including its geographical situation and the scenery along the river. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1.【原句】it was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire mekong river from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿着湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。[模仿要点] 句子结构： 强调句 it is /was + 强调部分+ that/who…【模仿1】正是树的绿荫保护我们免于太阳的照射，使我们精力更加充沛。  ____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：it is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic.【模仿2】一直到奥运会在中国举行，世界才充分领略了中国文化的魅力。____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：it is not until the 29th olympic games were hosted in china that the world completely experience the charm of chinese culture. [模仿要点] 句子结构：定语从句where 的用法【模仿3】他在他出生和成长的地方投资了一家车厂，年产10万汽车____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：he invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year. 【模仿4】在很难找到食物的地方就没有什么鸟能长年栖息.____________________________________________________________________________________答案：where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.单元自测 （模块）1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：217完成时间：15分钟难度：*when it’s 10:15 in new york, it’s 9:15 in salt lake city, and 7:15 in san francisco – isn’t it? this consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time   21  , seems so natural that people   22   give it a moment’s thought. so you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community   23   its own time – by looking at the sun. when the sun shone directly overhead in washington, d.c., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in philadelphia,   24  , it was 12:07, and in boston it was 12:24. to measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly   25   if you ventured only a few miles down the road. it was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need   26   for   27   time. at one point over 300 local times were honored within the   28  , making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time    29   . as a result, in 1883 the continental united states was divided into four time longitude. the standardization resulting from this system   30   so helpful that in 1884 the international meridian conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world.21.   a.     areas             b.      districts                   c.     zones                   d.     divisions22.   a.     usually           b.      never                      c.     only                     d.     rarely23.   a.     made             b.      established              c.     arranged              d.     founded24.   a.     however        b.      therefore                 c.     meanwhile           d.     by contrast25.   a.     different         b.      wrong                     c.     incorrect              d.     mistaken 26.   a.     arrived           b.      raised                     c.     happened            d.     arose27.   a.     regularized     b.      organized                c.     corrected             d.     standardized28.   a.     state              b.      county                    c.     world                  d.     country29.   a.     everywhere    b.      anywhere                c.     nowhere              d.     somewhere30.   a.     was proved   b.      has been proved     c.     was proving         d.     proved[答案]21. c. 时区time zone, 是固定词组。22. d. 人们习以为常了，所以很少想到它，选rarely, 经常想起、从不想起和只想起它都不合理。23. b. 句意应为每个地区都确立自己的时间，只有establish可以表示建立制度。24. a.根据上下文可判断出此处为转折对比关系， 而by contrast 表示相反的对比，所以选however。25. c. 根据“太阳时”，只要离开几英里，表就会有一些不准，而不是不同、错误或误解。26. d. 需要出现应该搭配的动词是arise。27. a. 是需要调整时间，而不是使时间有组织、改变或标准化。28. d. 根据上下文，是在美国境内有300多个地区时。29. a. 根据文意，火车不可能在每个地方都准时，所以选everywhere, 和impossible 构成部分否定。30. d.该系统被证明很帮助，应该用prove的主动形式，时态用一般过去时。2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：147完成时间：8分钟难度：     usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. the female have bigger and heavier bodies,   31   they carry the eggs. the bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them   32   likely to be caught by enemies before they   33   (lay) their eggs.    34   butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown   35     flying. but when they rest on a tree or    36   (leaf) they close their wings. on the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks    37   look like the tree or leaves. they are then difficult to    38   (see).     many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. when they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen when a bird sees   39    , and begins to attack it,  the butterfly    40    open its wings. the bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.[答案]31.since  32.1ess  33.have laid  34.some  35.when/while  36.leaves  37.which/that  38.be seen    39.one    40.would  31.since，“由于，既然”表原因。  32.1ess，从上下文可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住”。  33.have laid，由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态。  34.some，不定代词，“一些”。  35.when/while，when/while+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句，“正在飞时”。  36.leaves，leaf的复数形式是leaves。  37.which/that，关系代词，引导限制性定语从句?  38.be seen，考查动词不定式的被动语态，意为“然后他们很难被看见”。  39.one，不定代词，指代任意一只butterfly。  40.would，表一种必然的动作或经常的动作。3阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：334完成时间：7分钟难度：   yi so-yeon, an engineer from seoul, returned to earth on saturday after 11 days aboard the international space station (iss), along with russian cosmonaut yuri malenchenko and us astronaut peggy whitson.    a technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. they landed in the kazakh steppes ( 大草原)  about 420km  (260 miles) wide of their target.   "during the descent there was some kind of fire outside the soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," yi said.   "at first i was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so i tried to look okay too."   yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at star city, the wooded sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of moscow. however, malenchenko and whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. their answers were short and whitson needed support to balance when she walked. the 29-year-old yi has become famous in south korea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.    "in fact, they are the heroes right now," yi said, referring to malenchenko and whitson. "i'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that i am a hero."  she did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the iss.   "i sang 'fly me to the moon" yi said about the 1950s pop song. "it's my favorite song from university although at that time i didn't know i would be an astronaut."    the capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth.  the flames yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.   whitson told reporters that saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.   "the soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but i'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.   in october, a soyuz capsule carrying malaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.   the soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule.  an early version of the craft, the vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.   whitson, 48, has become the american with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.

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