module 6 old and new词汇、句子、语法要点归纳

一、重难点单词1.civil adj. 民用的，国内的    civil society 文明社会   keep a civil tongue 说文明话        a civil code 民法典a civil case（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） (suit) 民事案件（诉讼）2.dam n. 坝，堤，水闸               three gorges dam 三峡大坝3.hydro-electric adj. 水力发电的        a hydroelectric (power) station 水电站4.reservoir n. 水库     a storing reservoir 贮水池  the reservoir of a fountain pen 自来水笔的胆5.structure n. 建筑，结构    soil structure 土壤结构、  the structure of society 社会结构a magnificent marble structure 宏伟的大理石建筑物6.terminal n. 终点站，候机厅         a terminal station 终点站  a terminal examination 大考，学期考试     a container terminal 集装箱码头7.date vi. 始于（某一历史时期）his decline dates from last summer. 他身体的衰弱是从去年夏天开始的。this church dates back to 1173. 这座教堂早在1173年就建成了。8.accommodate vt. 容纳（乘客等）this university auditorium can accommodate over three thousand people.这座大学礼堂能容纳三千余人。a table to accommodate ten dinners 可坐10人的餐桌a well accommodated hotel 设施完善的旅馆9.construction n. 建造，建设，建筑be under construction 正在建造中     a bridge of recent construction 新近建成的桥10.relic n. （历史的）遗迹；遗物      relics of an ancient city 古城遗迹unearthed cultural relics of the han dynasty 出土的汉代文物  11.site n. 场所，遗址a construction site 工地            a suitable site for a factory 适于造工厂的地点a nuclear test site 核试验场         the site of an ancient city 古城遗址12.generate vt. 发（电）generate electricity 发电           generate resentment 导致不满13.harness vt. 利用，将（自然力）变成动力harness a horse to a carriage 把马套在车上        harness a river 治河harness the limitless power of the sun 利用无穷尽的太阳能14.historical adj. 历史的，有关历史的           a historical event 历史事件historical materialism 历史唯物主义         a historical personage 历史人物 15.narrow adj. 狭窄的     in a narrow sense 在狭义上    a narrow majority 勉强的多数move in a narrow circle of friends 生活在狭小的朋友圈子中have a narrow escape 死里逃生          a narrow inspection 精密的检查16.submerge vt. 浸入水中，淹没     the flood submerged the town. 洪水淹没了市镇。17.global adj. 全球的               the earth is a global mass. 地球是一个球形体the global audience 全世界的听众（或观众）    the global sum 总计18.remove vt. 迁移，搬迁           remove the family to the seashore 把家搬到海边kindly remove the dishes. 请把碗盏端走。 remove sb’s doubts 消除某人的疑虑remove the troops to the front 把部队调往前线     remove one’s hat 脱帽remove the causes of disease 消除疾病的根源19.freezing adj. 冷冰冰的，极冷的a freezing machine 冷冻机    what freezing weather! 好冷的天气！20.ridiculous adj. 荒唐的，可笑的       a ridiculous idea 荒谬的（或可笑的）想法21.foggy adj. 有浓雾的                a foggy morning 多雾的早晨22.crash vi. （飞机）失事，坠毁     the car crashed into a tree. 车子哗的一声撞城树上。a wall crashed to the ground. 墙轰地坍了下来。the door crashed open. 门砰的一声开了。  thunder and lightning crashed. 雷电交加。二、重点短语：1.date from 起源于      也可以说date back to /go back to, 常用现在时。the castle dates back to the 14 century.   the prosperity of the family dates from the war.2.hold back 阻止（1）踌躇   buyers are holding back, making few or no offers.    买主们不愿出价。when dangers come, no one hold back.   危险来临，无人退缩。（2）hold sb./sth. backhis poor education is holding him back. 他的教育程度差阻碍了他的发展。3.come true （梦想等）成为现实his dream has come true.他的梦想实现了。4.make sense 有意义，有道理this sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子毫无意义。5.bring an end to 结束，停止       也可说成make an end of sth; put an end to sth.we must put an end to these abuses. 我们必须除去这些弊端。三、重点句子1.it took six years to build and cost us $ 20 billion.此句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 e.g. it took him a lot of money to buy that house.2.a temple is a place of great importance to buddhists.of great importance 相当于very important，类似的有： of great value 相当于quite valuable3.now they’re living a happy new life in different areas.live…life 过着……的生活live a happy life 过快乐的生活       live a miserable life 过悲惨的生活4.some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.be being done 为进行时态的被动语态     e.g. the house is being painted.5.at the time it was built, chek lap kok airport in hongkong was the biggest civil engineering project of all time.此句中the time用作一个连词，可直接引导一个句子。at the time i looked at her, she was doing her job. 也可看成when。6.walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain. hold sb. back from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事e.g. his poor education is holding him back.  他的教育程度差阻碍了他的发展。7.in 1945, a us military plane, which was flying over manhattan on a foggy day, crashed into the building（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） just above the 78th floor.此句中主句为a us military plane crashed into the building just above the 78th floor.in 1945是时间从句，which指代the plane。on a foggy day 此处day有foggy修饰，因此前面要用介词on。四、语法点拨——定语从句1.什么叫定语从句？　　用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。（它所修饰的词称为先行词）它是形容词性从句。2.可以引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？　　引导定语从句的关系词可分为两类，关系代词和关系副词。　　关系代词有：that (指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语)；which (指物，在从句中作主语或宾语)，who (指人，在从句中作主语或宾语)；whom (指人，在从句中作宾语)，whose (……的，指人或物的，在从句中作定语)。　　关系副词有：when (指时间，在从句中作时间状语)；where (指地点，在从句中作地点状语)；why（指原因，在从句中作原因状语）。3.关系词有哪些作用？　　关系代词或关系副词有双重作用：一方面起连词作用，连接从句使之与主句发生关系，另一方面它在从句中起一定的句法做用（关系代词可作主语、宾语等；关系副词可做状语）4.定语从句有哪几种？　　定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。　　△限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句是用来修饰和限制先行词的，是复合句中不可缺少的组成部分。若将它去掉，先行词的意思就不明确，主句也不完整了。　　e.g. 关系代词引导的（1）i know the girl that attended the party. (关系代词作主语)  我认识那个参加晚会的女孩。（2）that is the job that i’m hunting for. （关系代词作宾语）这正是我要找的工作。（3）he came from a family which was very poor. 关系代词作主语他来自一个很贫穷的家庭。（4）i met someone who said he knew you. (关系代词作主语)我遇到了某个说认识你的人。 （5）is that the teacher whom you referred to? （关系代词作宾语）这就是那个你说的老师吗？（6）confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. (关系代词的定语)孔子是那个影响力非常大的哲学家。e.g. 关系副词引导的（1）but it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. (关系副词作时间状语)但这也是一个诞生了众多的哲学家的时代。（2）ancient china was a place where states were often at war with each other. （关系副词作地点状语）古代的中国是一个各小国常相互交战的地方。（3）often, the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.(关系副词作原因状语)通常人们不快乐的原因是因为他们得不到足够的爱。△非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，若省去也不影响主句的意思，它和主句间常用逗号隔开。e.g. (1) the yangtze river is the third longest river in the world, which is more that 6, 000 kilometres long. （关系代词作主语）长江是世界上最长的河，它有6000多米长。（2）sun yat-sen, who was the leader of 1911 revolution, first suggested the idea in 1919. (关系代词作主语)孙中山是最先在1919年提出这个思想的人，他是19xx年辛亥革命的领导者。注意：（1）介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which代物，用whom代人。e.g. he is a man of whom china can be proud. 他是中国引以为自豪的人。this is the house in which the inventor lived.这就是这位发明家曾经住过的房子。（2）在限定性的定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。e.g. the dam (that) we saw in the film wasn’t the three gorges dam. 我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。the students (that) i met near the reservoir were from vietnam. 我在水库附近遇到的学生们来自越南。（3）在限制性定语从句，当关系代词在从句中担任介词而介词在句尾时，关系代词可以省略。e.g. i met a man (who) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。i wanted to visit the house (that) my grandparents lived in. 我想去看看我祖父母曾居住过的房子。（4）有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。e.g. the people (who were) living in the village have moved to other places. 以前住在村子里的人们已经搬到其它地方去了。they came from a village (that was) submerged in the reservoir. 他们来自一个被淹没在水库里的村子。

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