XX届高考英语必修1unit 5 顶尖复习教案unit 5 　nelson mandela－a modern hero——纳尔逊•曼德拉——一位当代英雄核心词汇1.bill gates is a ____________(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help many poor children.2.he was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________(判刑)to three years in prison.3.i became worried when i heard that he had been____________(袭击)by an animal on the way home.4. it does serious harm to children’s character that too much____________(暴力)is shown on television.5.the man who ____________(逃跑)from prison 10 years ago was arrested last week.6.we should improve what is called the____________(质量)of living.7.he gave the children some chocolate to____________(酬谢)them for behaving well.8.if you’re____________(乐意的)to fly at night，you can get a much cheaper ticket.9.we need to____________people so that they can understand the importance of a good，healthy diet.as is known to us，a good____________will help us succeed.(educate)10.用guide；guidance填空(1)your teacher can give you____________on choosing a career and writing a job application.(2)we hired a local____________to get us across the mountains.(3)the experienced professor often____________students in their studies.1.generous　2.sentenced　3.attacked　4.violence　5.escaped　6.quality　7.reward　8.willing　9.educate；education　10.(1)guidance　(2)guide　(3)guides高频短语1.________________　　失业2.________________  事实上3.________________  使充气；爆炸4.________________  在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5.________________  求助于；致力于6.________________  丧失勇气或信心7.________________  当权；上台8.________________  设立；建立9.________________  被判处……(徒刑)10.________________  愿意做某事1.out of work　2.as a matter of fact　3.blow up　4.in trouble　5.turn to　6.lose heart　7.come to power,8.set up　9.be sentenced to　10.be willing to do sth重点句式1.the last thirty years____________the greatest number of laws________our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage________we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2....________we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3.i felt bad ______________ i talked to a group.我第一次向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。4.he taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings ________________. 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时候教我们学习。1.have seen；stopping；where　2.only then did　3.the first time　4.when we should have been asleep知识详解1.devote　vt.　献身；专心于(回归课本p33)a great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。 [归纳拓展][例句探源]　①i’m devoting all my time and energy to caring for my son right now.目前我把所有的时间和精力都放在照顾儿子上。②her son，to whom she is so devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village.她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。③(牛津p548)his devotion to his wife and family is touching.他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。[即境活用]　1.这些艺术家把终生献给了艺术，为艺术事业作出了巨大贡献。these artists ________ ________ ________ ________ ________art，and made great contributions to the artistic field.答案：devoted all their life to2. vote　vt.& vi.　投票；选举                n.　投票；票(回归课本p34)black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。[归纳拓展][例句探源]　①(牛津p2252)did you vote for or against her?你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？②(牛津p2252)we will listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我们将先听听双方的论点，然后再表决。③there was once a time when women had no right to vote.曾经有一段时间妇女没有选举权。[即境活用]　2.完成句子(1)我将投票选吉姆，因为我认为他比别人好。_______ _______ _______ _______jim，because i think he is better than others.答案：i shall vote for(2)因为他们不同意对方的意见，他们决定投票决定这件事。as they couldn’t agree with each other，they________ _______ _______ ________the issue.答案：decided to vote on3.equal　v.　等于；抵得上　　 adj.　相等的；胜任的　　 n.　同等的人；相等物(回归课本p34)but i was happy to help because i knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。[归纳拓展][例句探源]　①(朗文p680)i’m not sure he is equal to the job.我不确定他是否能胜任这份工作。②none of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。③it is reasonable to demand equal pay for equal work.要求同工同酬是合理的。④he is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。【高效记忆】[即境活用]　3.i don’t think he is equal________this kind of work，so i can’t hire him.a.in doing　　　　　　　   b.doing c.to do      d.to doing解析：选d。be equal to doing sth.胜任某事，其中的to为介词。4.reward　n.& v.　报答；报酬；奖赏(回归课本p38)they said that the job and the pay from the new south african government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。[归纳拓展][例句探源]　①(牛津p1712)you deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。②she got nothing in reward for her kindness.她的好心没有得到一点回报。③how can i reward your kindness?我怎么才能报答你的恩情呢？④(牛津p1712)she started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。[即境活用]　4.tom’s father made a promise that he would give him a(n)________if he passed the college entrance examination.a.award      b.prizec.reward     d.profit解析：选c。reward表示“酬谢”、“奖赏”指做某事而得到的酬谢或奖赏；award意为“奖品”，指为鼓励工作表现突出的人而颁发奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品或资金的多少；prize表示“奖品”、“奖金”，多指在竞争、竞赛或抽彩中获得的奖；profit“益处”。5.escape　v.& n.　逃脱；逃生；泄露(回归课本p38)it was a prison from which no one escaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱。[归纳拓展][例句探源]　①(牛津p676)she managed to escape from the burning car.她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。②he was lucky to escape punishment/being punished.他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。③(牛津p676)it might have escaped your notice，but i’m very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。④he had a narrow escape.他九死一生。[即境活用]　5.mike often attempts to escape________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.a.having been fined         b.to have been finedc.to be fined          d.being fined解析：选d。动词escape后接名词或动词­ing形式，不接不定式。fine是及物动词，意为“罚款”，需用被动语态。6.turn to　求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向(回归课本p35)why did nelson mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？[归纳拓展][例句探源]①(XX年高考上海卷)please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble.有困难请向警察求助。②their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city.他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化。③(牛津p2175)we arranged to meet at 7∶30，but she never turned up.我们约好了7∶30见面，但她根本没露面。④(牛津p2174)the job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这个工作结果比我们想像的要难。⑤why did she turn down your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？[即境活用]6.she’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to ________.a.turn to　　　　　　　　b.look forc.deal with     d.talk about解析：选a。本题考查动词短语辨析。turn to“求助于”；look for “寻找”；deal with“处理”；talk about“谈论”。根据句意，a项正确。7.—what are you reading，tom?—i’m not really reading，just ________ the pages.a.turning off     b.turning aroundc.turning over     d.turning up解析：选c。本题考查turn构成的动词短语。第二句句意：我没有真正看书，只是在翻书。turn over“翻身；翻过(一页书)”，符合句意。7.set up　设立，建立(回归课本p39)1952 set up law office to help poor black people in johannesburg，later this year，law office closed by government because he attacked anti­black laws1952年设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的穷苦黑人提供帮助，后来在这一年，律师事务所被政府关闭，因为他攻击反黑人法[归纳拓展][例句探源]①then，in 1955，the organization set up an office in beijing.于是，1955年这个组织在北京设立了办事处。②a new school was set up for the peasant workers’ children.一所为农民工孩子开办的新学校建立了起来。③the business was set up by his father.这家公司是他父亲开办的。④(牛津p1823)she tries to set aside some money every month.她每个月都尽量存点钱。[即境活用]8.这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。for all these years i have been working for others. i’m hoping i’ll ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ someday.答案：set up my own business句型梳理1【教材原句】　the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(p34)近三十年来，通过大量的法律来阻止我们的权利和进步，致使今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。【句法分析】　see，find，witness等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增添语言色彩，see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。①the city has seen many changes.城市历经了许多变化。②the following year saw the death of both his sisters.第二年他的两个姊妹都死了。③they came to the corner which had seen many accidents.他们来到了那个发生过许多次事故的拐角处。[即境活用]　9.the year 1949__________the founding of the people’s republic of china.a.saw　　　　　　　　　  b.watchedc.observed     d.noticed解析：选a。see可译为“(在某时期)发生(某情况)，经历”，用在此处符合题意。2【教材原句】　however，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in johannesburg.（p34）但是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。 【句法分析】　this was a time when...有一段时期，when引导定语从句，不能换成which。因为when在从句中作状语，而which在从句中作主语或宾语。【注意】　a time此处表示“一段时间”，所以与不定冠词连用。there was a time when women were not allowed to go to school. 曾经有一段时间，妇女不被允许去上学。the time has come when we must part from each other.我们彼此必须道别的时候到了。it’s about a time when there were black slaves in north america.那是一个美国北部还存在黑奴的时代。there was a time when we lived in beijing.那是一段我们住在北京的时间。there was once a time when the black had no right to vote.曾经有一段时期黑人没有选举权。[即境活用]　10.there was________time________i hated to go to school.a.a；that　　　　　　　　b.a；whenc.the；that     d.the；when解析：选b。句意：曾经有一段时间我痛恨上学。第一空不表示特指，第二空when引导的定语从句修饰先行词time，且在从句中作时间状语。作文指导并列句◆什么是并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成，这些简单句通过并列连词或表并列关系的副词连接，有时也可以用分号连接，它们在整个句子中的地位是平等的，没有主从之分，互不依从。◆主要并列关系并列句一般由三种方式连接而成，连词、连接副词和分号。一般来说，只有当两个分句之间的关系比较明确时，才会只用分号(不用连词)连接，而大多数情况下都需要使用并列连词或副词进行连接。因此，要正确地表达出句子之间的并列关系，就必须熟悉并掌握英语中常见的表示各种并列关系的连词和副词。英语中主要的并列关系及常用连词或副词参见下表：关系 常用并列连词或副词并列 and，as well as，both...and，not only...but(also)，neither...nor转折或对比 but，however，whereas，while，yet，still，instead，nevertheless，notwithstanding，on the other hand，not...but，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary选择 or，nor，or else，otherwise，either...or递进 besides，also，even，moreover，likewise，furthermore，what’s more，in addition因果 for，thus，so，therefore，hence，consequently，accordingly，as a result时间 then，meanwhile，subsequently，afterward，later解释 that is(to say)，in other words

【佳句选粹】①we must make great efforts to catch up with others，or we will fall behind the others forever.(选择关系)②she wanted to go to the cinema，but her parents told her not to.(表转折)【分析】　以上两句均属于并列句。第①句由or连接，两个并列分句之间是选择关系；第②句由but连接，两个并列分句之间是转折关系。【佳句选粹】①either you improve your work or i shall dismiss you.(选择关系)②not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.(并列关系)【分析】　以上两句均属于并列句。第①句由either...or...连接，两个并列分句之间是选择关系；第②句由not only...but also...连接，两个并列分句之间是并列关系。 【佳句选粹】①there was no news；nevertheless she went on hoping.(转折关系)②he never went again，nor did he write to apologize.(并列关系)【分析】　有些副词也起连词作用，可帮助构成并列句，第①句由nevertheless连接，两个并列分句之间是转折关系；第②句由nor连接，两个并列分句之间是并列关系。

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