☆重点句型☆1. life in the oceans range from the tiniest plants all the    way up to giants like sharks and whales.2. water is actually quite simple, but the way the water    molecule is formed gives water its unique properties.3. they form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly    positive end and a slightly negative end.4. the salinity of the earth's oceans is about thirty-five    parts per thousand, meaning that there are about 35    grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilo of    water.5. heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise    the  temperature  of a substance  by  one  degree    centigrade.6. water, which seems（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） ,so simple and common, is what    makes life possible.7. freedom fighters can be found everywhere and they are   of all times.8.  from the late eighteenth century to well into the    nineteenth century different people struggled for their    rights.    ☆重点词汇☆1. sailor n. 水手2. transport n. & vt. 运输3. range vi.& n. 变动4. hydrogen n. 氢5. oxygen n. 氧气6. relative adj. 相对的7. solid n. 固体8. freezing adj. 冰冻的9. pure adj. 纯净的10. relationship n. 关系11. float v. 漂浮12. decrease vi. 变小13. centigrade adj. 摄氏温度的14. absorb vt. 吸收15. stable adj. 稳定的16. steady adj. 平稳的17. trust vt. 信任18. nursery n. 保育院19. freedom n. 自由20. civil adj. 国内的，公民的

21. murder vt. & n. 谋杀22. revolution n. 革命23. slavery n. 奴隶制24. soul n. 灵魂25. arrest vt. 逮捕26. race n. 人种；赛跑27. marriage n. 结婚28. forbid vt. 禁止，不许29. political adj. 政治的30. demand vt. & n. 要求31. lawyer n. 律师32. act n. 法令33. politics n. 政治34. religion n. 宗教35. independence n. 独立36. abolish vt. 废除37. chapter n. 篇    ☆重点短语☆1. benefit from 从……得益2. all the way 一直3. take advantage of 利用4. give off 释放5. a variety of 种类繁多的6. put...in prison 把……投入监狱7. join hands 联手8. set an example to 为……树立榜样9. from then on 从那时起10. start with 以……开始11. regardless of 不顾12. at first sight 乍一看13. call in 召集    ☆交际用语☆1. what is it that makes the ocean such a great place to   live?2. the nutrients is whatever falls into the ocean will     quickly become available to other living things. 3. what happened first was that ...4. one of the reasons why ... is ...5. ... is often followed by ...    ☆词汇短语☆6. absorb v.  1) 吸收  use the cbth to absorb the ink.  用布吸干墨水。  she is a good student and absorbed new ideas quickly.  她是一个好学生，吸收新思想很快。  2) 常用被动，be absorbed in全神贯注于；专心致志  his business absorbed him. / he is absorbed in his  business.  他专心处理业务。  fabsorbing = very interesting  非常吸引人的；引人入胜的  absorbed (人) 精神集中的  absorbent 能吸收水分等的1. benefit vi. 受益 n. 益处  1) benefit from / by sth. = receive benefit from 受益  于；得益  who will benefit from the old man's death?  那位老人死后谁将是受益人?  he hasn't benefited from the experience.  他虽有体验却无长进。  2) benefit vt. 使受益；有利于；有益于 = do good to,  to be useful to  such foolish behaviour will not benefit your case.  这种愚蠢的行为不会对你的情况有利。  3) n. 优越条件；利益；好处，相当于“pmfit,  advantage, good effect”，通常与以下例句中所示的动  词及介词连用。  she had the benefit of a good education.  她受过良好的教育，这是她的优越之处。  it is of great benefit to everyone.  这对于每个人都有极大的好处。  because of illness, she didn't get much benefit from  her stay abroad.  她呆在国外因病而没得到多大的收获。【考点1】benefit的用法▲搭配：① benefit from 从……中受益② for the benefit of 为了某人的利益▲句型：① be of (great / much) benefit to...= be (very) bene—  ficial to 对……有利/有益②benefit sb / sth 使……获益【考例1】the book is of ____ benefit ____ us.    a. great; for    b. much; for    c. very; beneficial    d. great; to[考查目标]考查搭配与运用。[答案与解析]d be of (great / much) beneit to...=be (very) beneficial to 表示“对……有利/有益”。13. demand v. & n. 要求，需要    1) n. 要求，需要    it is impossible to satisfy all demands.    有求必应是不可能的。    teachers are in great demand in this area.    在这个地区很需要教师。    2) v. 要求，需要    i demand that john (should) go there at once.    我要约翰马上去那儿。    this work demands your patience.    这项工作需要你的耐心。【考点3】demand的用法▲搭配：① supply and demand 供需 ② refuse / reject one's demand(s) 拒绝某人的要求③ satisfy / meet / fulfill one's demand(s) 满足某人的  要求④ demand a reasonable (an immediate) explanation /  answer 要求合理(立即)解释/答复⑤ make strict demands on sb in sth 严格要求某人= be  strict with sb in sth▲ 句型：① sb demand to do sth 要求做某事② sb demand that主语 + (should) do sth 要求某人做  某事 ③ sb demand of sb to do sth = demand one's doing sth  要求某人做某事④ make the demand that主语 + (should) do sth 要求  某人做某事⑤ sb. demand sth of / from sb (不容否定地)向某人要  求某事/某物⑥ sth demand sth 需要⑦ sb / sth be in great / high demand (in sp.)(某地)急  需……⑧ there is much / a great / no demand for sb / sth (in  sp.) 某地急需/不需要……▲辨析：demand；require两词均意为“需要，需求”，但demand指大胆地、权威性地要求对方或自己认为有权利向某人提供某物或提出做某事•其后不接动名词，可接名词或不定式，被要求人小直接作demand的宾语。require指因有需要或有权要求某物或做某事。含有权威性和公正性的语气。【ir指根据事物内在原因提出的要求。demand，require后接宾语从句时.都要用虚拟语气。▲ 友情提示：(1) 禁止使用demand sb to do sth 结构。(2)“某地急需…”还可表达为  ① sth be in great need in sp.  ② sb / sp. be in great need of sth  ③ sp. is short of sth 紧缺……【考例3l she ____ us to go there at once.    a. demanded    b. hoped    c. required    d. refused[考查目标] 动词的常见结构及用法。[答案与解析]c  demand和hope，refuse都只能直接接to如作宾语，而不接sb to do sth结构。【考点9】discuss的用法▲ 构词：discussion讨论；议论；辩论；论述；商议▲ 搭配：① discuss sth in groups 分组讨论某事② (be) under discussion (作表语或后置定语) = (be)  being discussed ……(正)在讨论巾③ take part in a discussion (on sth)参加(某事的)讨论▲句型：① discuss sth (with sb) (和某人)讨论某事② discuss (with sb) wh- + to do sth / wh- + clause /  how sth should be done③ discuss doing sth 讨论干某事④ discussion(s) be going on among sb about sth 某人  就某事展开了讨论⑤ sth come up for discussion 某事(被)提出讨论⑥ have / hold a (+形容词) discussion about / on / o-  ver sth (with sb) (和某人)如何讨论有关某事常见形容词有heated (热烈)，hot (热烈)，stormy (激烈的)，further (进一步)，friendly (友好)，long (长时间)，much (多)，brief (简短的)，full (充分的)；haveanother discussion about / on sth 再次讨论有关某事▲友情提示：discuss是及物动词，后面不能再跟about，但用名词discussion表达讨论某事时，则必须跟about 或on.【考例9】after the meeting，you should ____ aboutthe topic of the subject with the famous scientist.    a. discuss  &n（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）bsp; b. quarrel    c. debate    d. fight[考查目标] 考查动词的词义与辨析。[答案与解析]a discuss 表示“讨论”；quarrel表示“争吵”；debate 表示“争辩”；fight 表示“打斗”。【考点lo】end的用法▲ 构词：① ending n. 结尾；结局② endless adj. 无穷尽的；无休止的③ endlessly adv. 无穷尽地；无休止地▲ 搭配： ① at the end (of) 在……最后；在……尽头② end up 结束；终结；告终③ end up with 以……告终④ end in success / failure 以成功/失败而告终⑤ put an end to sth (=end sth) 结束……⑥ sth come to an end (= sth end) ……结束了⑦ sth draw to an end 接近尾声⑧ bring sth to an end 使……结束⑨ call for / demand an end to sth 要求结束……⑩ in the end 最后；终于⑩ at the end 最后⑩ at the end of + (时间段或地点名词) 在……末尾⑩ by the end of 到……为止(强调时间的段)⑩ at the other end of... 在……的那一头⑩ at either end of 在……(两者)的任一头⑩ fight to the end 战斗到底▲ 句型：① by the end of + 过去时间(主语 + had + pp.); by the  end of + 将来时间(主语 + will have + pp.)② sth end (up) with...；sb end up...with... 以……结束③ sth end (= sth be over)... ……结束了 end sth 结束▲辨析：complete；end；finish该组词均有“完成，结束，终止”之意。但end为普通用词，指一种活动因达到目的而自然结束或因某一原因突然终止，可以用来作业、演讲、争论、旅行、战争或生命等的结束、终止。还可用作名词。finish为常用词，指完成一件事或一个动作，强调圆满地结束已着手的事情，可与名词、动名词搭配，但不能与不定式搭配。complete正式用语。与finish基本同义。着重指完成预定的任务.多用来指完成整个计划、工程系统。一个作家可以说 complete 或 finish (写完) 他的小说，而一个读者只能说 finish (读完) 一本小说。complete 可以表示使某事物完善，补足缺少的部分，使之成为一个整体。而 finish 则不能。例如：he ended his letter with good wishes to the family. 他以向全家问好结束他的信。he has finished writing a speech. 他写好了一篇发言稿。he completed the whole job in two days. 他用两天时间做完了全部工作。【考例10】(上海春招) by the end of last year, an—other new gymnasium ____ ln beijing.    a. would be completed    b. was being completed    c. has been completed    d. had been completed[考查目标] 考查时态的具体运用。[答案与解析]d by the end of last year 暗示要使用过去完成时态。11. equal adj. n. & v.  1) adj. (the same in size, amount, number, degree,  etc.) (大小、数量、数目、程度等) 相等的；同样的。常   与to或with连用。  there should be equal pay for equal work.  同工应同酬。  2) n. (person or thing equal to another) 相等的人或  物；匹敌；相等物。  is he your equal in strength?  他的力气和你一样大吗?  let x be the equal of 6, then 3x is 18.  设x与6相等，那么3x与18相等。  mix with your equals or betters.  与同你相等或比你好的人相交。  3) vt. be equal to 等于；使相等。    he equals me in strength but not in （请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）intelligence.    他和我力气相等，但智力不等。    if x equals 7, then 4x equals 28.    设x等于7，那么4x等于28。9. forbid vt.  forbid 是一个不规则动词(forbad / forbade,  forbidden)，其词义为order (sb.) not to do sth.；  order that sth. should not be done; not allow 禁止；不  许。forbid 的常见用法有：  1) forbid 后跟复合结构。  my parents forbid me to stay out at night.  我的父母不许我在外面过夜。  2) forbid 后跟名词或代词作宾语。  the government decided to forbid the meeting.  政府决定禁止这次集会。  3) forbid 后跟动名词作宾语。  the manager forbids smoking during office hours.  经理不许上班时抽烟。4. freezing  1) adj. 极冷的，冰冻的  on a freezing night the old man was found dead.  在一个冰冷的夜晚，人们发现那个老人死了。  2) adv. 极冷地，冰冻地  it is freezing cold outside.  3) n. 冰点，凝固点  it was five degrees below freezing.  温度是零下5度。  the air temperature was now well above freezing.  气温高出冰点好多度。【考点4】happen的用法▲ 搭配：happen on/upon偶然发现▲ 句型：① sth happen (不能用于被动语态)发生某事② sth happen to sb / sth 某人出/发生了某事③ sb happen + 不定式(不定式可根据时间关系选用to  do sth；to be + n. / adj. / adv. / prep. phrase；to  be doing sth；to have done sth。其否定形式可在  happen前加don't或didn't，也可在不定式前加not)  碰巧……④ do you happen to know...? 你可知道……?⑤ it (so) happened that clause 碰巧⑥ as it happens 碰巧；偶然⑦ whatever happens 无论发生什么情况⑧ there happened to be... 碰巧有……▲辨析：happen；take place；occur；come about该组词均表示“发生”，均为不及物动词或动词短语。该组词均含“发生”之意，但happen多指具体的、不可预料的事情的发生，强调偶然性，表示具体事情的发生时可与occur互换。另外happe~还有“碰巧”之意。takeplace意为“发生，举行”，多指预先计划或预料之中的事情，没有偶然性。occur用法较正式，即可指自然发生，也可指有意安排，常与happen换用，但更强调突然性。 come about往往注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。例如：no matter what happens，you should keep calm. 无论发生什么事，你都要保持冷静。ln 1919, the may 4th movement took place in china.1919年，中国发生了“五四”运动。don't let the mistake occur again. 别让这样的错误再次发生。tell me how the accident came about. 告诉我这起事故是怎样发生的。【考例4】(辽宁)l don't know whether you happen____, but i'm going to study in the u. s. a. thisseptember.    a. to be heard    b. to be hearing    c. to hear    d. to have heard[考查目标] 非谓语动词在语境中的时态中的运用。[答案与解析]d happen后面必须接动词不定式，而t ohave heard 强调影响和结果。【考点1l】kind 的用法▲ 构词：① unkind adj. 不仁慈的；刻薄的；无情的；不亲切的② kindness n. 仁慈；善良；和蔼，慈祥；好意③ kindly adj. 亲切的；友善的；友好的，和蔼的④ kindly adv. 和蔼地；仁慈地；亲切地⑤ kind-hearted adj. 好心(肠)的；仁慈的⑥ kindliness n. 好心；仁慈▲搭配：① a kind of 一种；一类；可以说是② all kinds of 各种各样的③ kind of 有点儿；几分④ be (very / so) kind to sb. 对某人(非常)友好；对某人  (非常)和蔼⑤ out of kindness 出于好意▲句型：① sb be (very) kind to do sth 多谢某人做某事② it's (very) kind of sb to do sth 多谢某人做某事③ that's (very) kind of sb 某人真太好了④ will / would you be so kind as to do sth?⑤ will / would you be kind enough to do sth?⑥ will / would you kindly do sth?⑦ will / would you have the kindness to do sth?⑧ please have the kindness to do sth?⑨ will / would you (please) do sth?以上均为邀请或请求对方做某事的表达。⑩ what kind of + 单数名词…?哪一种……?▲辨析：kind；sort；type三者都是名词，都有“种类”的意思。kind是指属于同种类的东西，有极相似的特质。sort表示比较笼统、模糊的大体上相似的东西。在实际使用时，两者没有什么区别。type表示“类型”，比较具体、肯定。例如：what sort of book do you want? 你要一本什么样的书?we have bought some new types of planes. 我们买了几种新型飞机。【考例11】____ to have invited us to the party.a. they will be very kindb. it's very kind for themc. it's very kind of themd. it's very kind that they[考查目标]考查句型。[答案与解析]c it's very kind of sb. to do sth 某人做某事真是太好了。表示人的性质或特征要用介词o，。【考点8】mean 的用法▲ 构词：① meaning n. 意义；意思，含义② meaningful adj. 有意义的；意义深远的③ meaningless adj. 无意义的▲ 搭配：① be meant to 必须；不得不② be meant for sth 注定适于某种用途③ mean no harm 不怀恶意④ mean what sb say 说话算数▲ 句型：① sb mean to do sth 打算干……；意欲干…… ② sb meant to do / have done sth = sb had meant t0 do  sth 某人本打算干……③ didn't mean to do sth 不是故意干某事的；本不想干  某事的④ mean doing 意味着⑤ mean sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事⑥ mean sth / that…意思；表明；表示⑦ i see what you mean. 我明白/知道你的意思。⑧ what do you mean by (doing) sth? ……是什么意  思?⑨ what does...mean? = what's the (english / chi—  nese) meaning of...? = what's...in english / chi—  nese? = what's the english / chinese for...? =  what do you call...in english / chinese? = how do  you say / express...in english / chinese? 英语/汉  语/……是什么意思?⑩ it means (that) clause 那就意味着……⑩ do you mean to say (that)…? 你的意思是……?⑩ you mean... 你的意思是说……【考例8】[京、皖春招]-- why haven't you bought any butter?-- i ____ to but i forgot about it.    a. liked    b. wished    c. meant   d. expected[考查目标] 本题考查mean的词义。[答案与解析]c  mean后跟不定式的时候意思是“打算做某事”。在简答句中用mean to。【考点5】provide的用法▲句型：① provide sb sth 提供② provide sb. with sth 给某人提供某物③ provide sth for sb. 给某人提供某物④ provide that... 规定⑤ providing that... 如果，倘若▲辨析：give；offer；provide；supply该组词均有“供给，供应”之意，它们之间的主要区别在结构上。① give 常见结构有：give sb. sth = give sth to sb；② offer 强调“主动提供”。常见结构有：offer sth；offer  sb sth = offer sth to sb；offer to do sth③ provide 常见结构有：provide sth；provide sb sth；  provide + 供应品for + 人或机构；provide + 人或  机构with + 供应品；④ supply常见结构有：supply + 人或机构 with + 供应  品；supply + 供应品 to / for + 人或机构；be sup—  plied with sth 装配着……the trip in the u. s.gave me great pleasure. 美国之行使我非常快乐。he offered me his help. = he offered his help to me. =he offered to help me. = he made an offer to help me.= he made an offer of help to me. 他主动提出要帮我。the school provides the children with breakfast. = theschool provides the children breakfast. = the schoolprovides breakfast for the children. 学校向孩子们提供早餐。the government supplied money and clothes to the pep—pie in the flooded area free of charge. 政府向灾区人民免费提供钱款和衣物。▲ 友情提示：当牵涉到金钱时，provide往往意味着“免费供给/供应”，而supply则不明确，一般说来“给某人提供某物”时须给钱。【考例5】"the villagers provided the soldiers ____ food." means "the villagers provided food ____ the soldiers."    a. with; with    b. for; for    c. with; for    d. for; with[考查目标] 考查动词固定短语的搭配。[答案与解析]c provide sb with sth = provide sthfor sb.2. range v. & n.  1) v. 在……范围内变化；变动  prices range from 5 dollars to 10 dollars.  价格自五美元至十美元不等。  the increase ranged from several to several dozen  times.  增长几倍至几十倍不等。  2) n. 行列，范围  we discussed a very wide range of questions at the  meeting.  会上我们讨论了十分广泛的问题。【考点2】range 的用法▲搭配：① range of vision 视野② a range of buildings 一排排建筑物③ within range 在范围内④ out of range 在范围外；在射程外【考例2】(上海)-- can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?-- no, it's out of ____.    a. range    b.reach    c. control    d. distance[考查目标]考查固定搭配。[答案与解析]a  没能射到鸟的原因是鸟在射程外(out of range)。12. separate a. & vt.    1) separate 可用作形容词，意思是“单独的；分开    的”。    the children sleep in separate beds.    孩子们都睡在各自的床上。    they lead separate lives.    他们各自单独生活。    .    2) separate 还可用作动词，意思是“(使事物或人与    人)分离；分开”，常与介词 from 搭配。    this patient should be separated from the others.    这个病人应该隔离。    england is separated from france by the channel.    英国和法国之间隔着英吉利海峡。【考点7】speak的用法▲构词：① speaker n. 说话人；演讲人，演说家；演说者；扬声器；  喇叭② loudspeaker = speaker 扬声器；喇叭③ speech n. 演说；演讲④ spoken adj. 口头的⑤ english-speaking (countries / secretary) 说英语的  (国家/秘书)；spoken english 英语口语▲ 搭配：① speak of / about sb / sth 谈到，提及，谈及，谈论② speak to / with sb (about sth) 对某人讲某事，与某  人谈某事③ speak out (尤指沉默后)大胆公开地说出来④ speak loudly = speak in a loud voice 大声地说⑤ speak / tell the truth 说实话；讲真话⑥ speak english 说英语⑦ speak very well / highly of 称赞；赞扬⑧ speak ill / poorly of 说某人坏话/对某人评价不好⑨ speak one's mind 说心里话；直言不讳；坦率地说出自  己的想法⑩ so to speak 可谓，可以说⑩ speak on tv to sb 在电视上对某人讲话⑩ speak on / over the radio 在收音机中讲话 ⑩ speak at the meeting 在会上发言⑩ generally / properly / frankly / strictly / exactly /  honestly speaking 一般/大体/坦白/严格/精确/诚实  说来▲ 常用电话用语-- who is that (speaking)?-- this is…(speaking). = ...speaking.-- who's that? 你是哪位?-- this is mary spe（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容）aking. 我是玛丽。may / could / can i speak to...? 请找……接电话好吗?▲ 友情提示：后接(某种)语言时为及物动词。其余多为不及物动词。【考例7】(nmet 1995)-- what did you think of her speech?-- she ____ for one hour but didn't ____   much.    a. spoke; speak    b. spoke; say    c. said; speak    d. said; say[考查目标] 考查动词的辨析与搭配。[答案与解析]b speak表示说话的能力，可以用作vt./vi.；say sth (to sb.) 表示“对某人说……”。10. speech  speech 用作可数名词时，意为“演说”(talk or address  given in public)。  [搭配] make / deliver / give a speech 发言；演说  he made a very boring after-dinner speech.  他在宴会后的讲话很枯燥。  speech 作不可数名词用时，意为“语言；说话的能力；  方式”等 (power, manner, act of speaking)。  it is said that speech is silver while silence is gold.  人们说占语是银，沉默是金。8. trust vt. & vi. 相信；信任，信赖；有信心  don't trust him--he's not telling the truth.  不要相信他，他说的不是真话。  we trust him because we know he has never deceived  anyone.  我们信任他，因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。【考点6】wait的用法▲ 构词：① waiter n. (餐厅)男服务员；侍者② waitress n. (餐厅)女服务员；(女)侍者③ waiting room n. 候车室；候诊室；候机室④ await v. 等待 (比wait正式)▲ 搭配：① wait for sb. / sth 等待/等候某人/某物② wait one's + n. 等待③ wait one's turn 等待轮到某人④ wailt one's chance / opportunity / time / hour等待时  机⑤ wait one's arrival 等待某人的到来⑥ wait one's convenience 等到方便时⑦ wait on / upon sb 伺候；服侍；侍候⑧ wait in line 排队等候⑨ wait a minute 等一下▲ 句型：① have a long wait for... 长时间等……② wait to do sth 等着做某事③ wait for sb. / sth to do sth 等待某人/某物干某事④ wait and see. 等着看；你很快就会知道/明白/清楚的⑤ can't wait to do sth 希望；盼望；急于想干某事；迫不  及待地十某事；一心想干某事【考例6】(北京) ____ in the queue for half anhour. tom suddenly realized that he had left his walletat home.    a. to wait    b. have waited    c. having waited    d. to have waited[考查目标]考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。 [答案与解析]c  having waited 的动作发生在谓语动词realized之前。[牛刀小试 l]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(act, benefit, wait, happen, speak, mean)1. -- what has ____ to him, do you know?    --i hope nothing has happened to my friend.2. however late he is, his wife will stand at the gate   ____ for him to come back.3. i have ____ a lot through reading widely, for it   enriches my knowledge.4. -- why haven't you bought any butter?   -- i ____ to but i forgot about it.5. if you often practise ____ english, your spoken   english will be greatly improved.6. indeed, she ____ like a teacher to us.【短语归类】16. at first sight 乍一看  it may, at first sight, seem a surprising choice.  乍一看，这个选择似乎令人惊讶。  tom loved mary at first sight.  汤姆对玛丽一见钟情。  [拓展]与 sight 有关的短语  catch sight of 看到  in / within sight 看得见  out of sight 看不见3. break down  1) 拆散，分解  chemicals in the body break our food down into useful  substances.  人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。  we should break down old conventions and think big.  我们应该打破旧框框，敢于幻想。  2) (机器) 损坏  the car broke down halfway to the destination.  汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。  the 8 o'clock train broke down at beijing station and  w&s taken off the line.  8点钟的那趟车因在北京车站出了故障而被取消  了。  [拓展]关于 break 的一些短语：  break up [分解，拆散；驱散，解散，终止；(某种关系)结束)] / break away from 脱离；挣脱 / break into 破门而入 / break out 爆发；发生 / break through 突破  break down 与 break up 均有“分解”的意思。break  down 一般指化学变化，break up 一般指物理变化。  water can be broken down into hydmgen and oxygen.  水可以分解成氢和氧。(化学变化)  the ice of the river begins to break up at the beginning  of march.  河里的冰在三月初开始融化。(物理变化)【考点2】与example有关的短语① set / give sb an example = set / give an example to sb  给某人树立榜样② follow sb's example = copy the example of sb 学习某  人的样子③ take sb as an example 以某人为榜样④ take sb / sth for example 以某人/某事为例⑤ for example 例如[例句] he arrived at the office early，to set（请记得收藏本站-一路高升范文网，以获取更多新鲜内容） an exampjeto the others. 为了给他人树立榜样，他及早到了办公室。they set an example of plain living. 他树立了简朴生活的榜样。his politeness is a good example for others to follow. 他的彬彬有礼是别人学习的榜样。 take an youqi(for example), she's an excellent sing-er. 以安又琪为例，他是个优秀的歌手。【考例2】we should look up to him ____ a shining example ____ bravery and wisdom.    a. as; of    b. for; as    c. as; for    d. with; of[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语中的介词使用问题。[答案与解析]a  我们应该尊敬他，把他作为一个闪光的典型。第一空应是“作为”，第二空应是“勇敢和智慧的典型”，所以应填of。7. give off 放出，发出  burning leaves give off thick smoke.  烧焦的树叶发出一股浓烟。  the gas gave off an unpleasant smell.  这种气体发出一种难闻的气味。  [拓展]与 give 有关的短语  give away 赠送  give out 分发  give in 屈服  give up 放弃  give birth to 生(孩子)，使诞生  give rise to 引起【考点1】与hand有关的短语① join hands 携手；合伙② have a hand in 参与，插手③ at hand 在手边，在附近；即将到来④ lend / give (sb) a hand in 帮忙，参加⑤ by hand 手工的⑥ with / by the (a) strong hand 强制地⑦ hand in 上交⑧ hand in hand 手拉手⑨ hands up 举手⑩ hand to hand 短兵相接⑩ in hand 在手中(持有)⑥ on the hand..., on the other hand 一方面……，另一方  面……[例句] he joined hands with his brother to start theirown company. 他和他的弟弟联手共建自己的公司。i had a hand in arranging the party. 我参与了聚会的筹备工作。the autumn harvest is at hand. 秋收就要到来。this toy was made by hand. 这个玩具是手工制作的。they will carry out the measure with a strong hand. 他们将强制执行这项措施。【考例1】we can ____ the workers and peasants in participating in the revolution.    a. take part in    b. connect with    c. join hands with    d. ask for[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的使用问题。[答案与解析]c  take part in 参加(活动)。connectwith 指交通工具相衔接。ask for 要求。语境中要填“携手合作”。【考点5】make短语①make up构成；化妆；编造；弥补②make it按时到达；成功做某事③make sense有意义④make sense of理解⑤make out辨认出；理解⑥ make clear (清楚)说明；表明⑦ make peace 讲和⑧ make room for 给……让地方[例句]ten doctors make up the medical team. = themedical team is made up of ten doctors. 这支医疗队由10名医生组成。after years as an unsuccessful businessman he's finallymade it. 多年以来他是一个不成功的商人，但最后终于成功了。his arguments have never made much sense. 他的争论没有意义。i can't make out the address, which was written so bad—ly. 我无法辨认出这个地址，写得太潦草了。have you made your peace with your wife yet? 你和你

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